汉英时政翻译中“水平”一词的译法(Ⅰ)
“水平”一词是时政话语中高频使用的语词之一,经常使用的表达式主要有两种,一种是“提高/提升……水平”,一种是“高水平”、“更高水平”。本文选取二十大报告翻译中的例子来说明这两种表达式的不同译法。 一般时政文本中出现“水平”一词,多数时候是和“提升/提高”这样的动词连用,如“提高/提升xx工作水平”,特别是常与“提高XX化”连用,如“提高现代化水平、规范化水平”等。这种情况下“水平”一词实际上已经成为一种表程度的范畴词,可以不用译出。因为,“提高xx工作水平”实际上就等于“提高/加强xx工作”,这时只把其中的XX工作译出即可。此类译例很多,如二十大报告便有以下例子: 国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提高。 China’s system and capacity for governance have been further modernized. 全过程人民民主制度化、规范化、程序化水平进一步提高。 Further enhance the institutions, standards, and procedures of whole-process people’s democracy. 基本公共服务均等化水平明显提升 ensure much more equitable access to basic public services 着力提高全要素生产率,着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。 We will raise total factor productivity, make China’s industrial and supply chains more resilient and secure. 提高城市规划、建设、治理水平。 We will improve urban planning, construction, and governance. 加强企业主导的产学研深度融合,强化目标导向,提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。 We will promote closer enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities, and research institutes, stay goal-oriented, and promote the industrial application of scientific and technological advances. 提高深度协商互动、意见充分表达、广泛凝聚共识水平 to help the CPPCC ensure that in-depth consultations and interactions are conducted, opinions are fully expressed, and broad consensus is built 推进多层次多领域依法治理,提升社会治理法治化水平。 We will advance law-based governance at multiple levels and in multiple areas and enhance the rule of law in social governance. 提升环境基础设施建设水平,推进城乡人居环境整治。 The environmental infrastructure will be upgraded and living environments in both urban and rural areas will be improved. 提高公共安全治理水平 Enhancing public safety governance 提升全面治理能力和管治水平 enhancing their overall governance and management capacity 优化区域开放布局,巩固东部沿海地区开放先导地位,提高中西部和东北地区开放水平。 We will better plan regional opening up, consolidate the leading position of eastern coastal areas in opening up, and more widely open the central, western, and northeastern regions. 在上述例子中,可以看到,这种表达式中通常以enhance/improve/promote/upgrade等动词译“提高/提升”,有时也可以使用比较级或make……more/ensure……more等来表示更高程度的意思。当然,有的句子虽然不是“提高……水平”的表达式,但“水平”起到的仍是范畴词的作用,这时一般也不译出,如例13。 建成世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系,教育普及水平实现历史性跨越,基本养老保险覆盖十亿四千万人,基本医疗保险参保率稳定在百分之九十五。 We have built the largest education, social security, and healthcare systems in the world. These achievements have allowed us to make historic strides in making education universally available, bring 1.04 billion people under the coverage of basic old-age insurance, and ensure basic medical insurance for 95 percent of the population. 在有些情况下,通常比如“质量和水平”连用,具体表示事物发展的程度高低时,“水平”一词也可译出为level,如其程度的高低还可含有更加具体的指标,则可进一步译为standard,如以下例子: 增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性,提升国际循环质量和水平. We will boost the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy while engaging at a higher level in the global economy. 提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。 This will position us to improve the level and quality of trade and investment cooperation. 健全基本公共服务体系,提高公共服务水平。 We will improve the basic public services system to raise public service standards. 转载自翻译参考,仅供交流、学习之用,版权归原作者、原出处所有,若有侵犯了您的合法权益,请联系我们进行更正、删除,谢谢!
(编辑:T-win)