温风至，将入伏，“小暑”英语怎么说？
俗话说，“小暑大暑，上蒸下煮”。今天迎来小暑节气，标志高温、高热、高湿的“三高”天气即将袭来。趁着“桑拿模式”还未开启，一起来看看小暑的双语百科吧~
小暑是农历二十四节气之第十一个节气，夏天的第五个节气，表示季夏时节的正式开始；太阳到达黄经105度时为小暑节气。暑，表示炎热的意思，意指天气开始炎热，但还没到最热。
Slight Heat (xiaoshu) is the eleventh solar term of the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar, and the fifth solar term of summer. The Slight Heat indicates the official start of summer. It comes when the sun reaches a celestial longitude of 105 degrees. Heat (shu) signifies the scorching heat, and implies that the weather has begun to be burning hot, but has not reached the peak of heat.
气候特点
Climatic Features
我国古代将小暑分为三候：“一候温风至;二候蟋蟀居宇;三候鹰始鸷。”小暑时节大地上便不再有一丝凉风，而是所有的风中都带着热浪;《诗经·七月》中描述蟋蟀的字句有“七月在野，八月在宇，九月在户，十月蟋蟀入我床下。”文中所说的八月即是夏历的六月，即小暑节气的时候，由于炎热，蟋蟀离开了田野，到庭院的墙角下以避暑热;在这一节气中，老鹰因地面气温太高而在清凉的高空中活动。
Slight Heat was split up into three periods in ancient China: “Hot winds arrive in the first period; crickets come to enjoy the shade at the corners in the courtyard in the second period; eagles become soaring ferociously up high in the sky in the third period.” Not even a trace of a cool breeze blows through above the surface of the earth during the Slight Heat. Rather, winds carry sweltering air along with them. A sentence describing crickets in the poem“July”in The Book of Songs says, “Crickets are out in the fields in the seventh month, singing under the eaves in the eighth month, coming into the house in the ninth month, and hiding under my bed in the tenth month.” In this text, the eighth month refers to the sixth month of the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. In other words, crickets leave the fields and go to the corners in the courtyard to avoid the scorching summer heat during the Slight Heat. And eagles are active high up in the cool air because the surface of earth is too hot.
节气习俗
Solar Term Customs
“天贶节”
Tiankuang Festival
六月初六日为“天贶节”。据史书记载，此节始于宋代哲宗元符四年。“贶”即“赐”，即天赐之节。这是宋代皇帝在伏天向臣属赐“冰麨”和“炒面”之因，故称天贶节。
The sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar is the Tiankuang Festival. According to historical records, this festival began in the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty. Kuang means Ci (to bestow). In other words, it is the festival when heaven bestows gifts. And because in the Song Dynasty the Emperor bestowed bing chao (a kind of food made of the torrefied wheat powder, which is also called chao mian) to his courtiers and staff on the hottest day in summer, the day was called Tiankuang Festival, a festival when heaven bestows gifts.
食新米
Eating New Rice
北方谷雨有食香椿习俗。谷雨前后是香椿上市的时节，这时的香椿醇香爽口营养价值高，有“雨前香椿嫩如丝”之说。香椿具有提高机体免疫力，健胃、理气、止泻、润肤、抗菌、消炎、杀虫之功效。
There are customs for eating toons on the day of guyu in the North of China. Around Guyu is the season to tastetoon. Around this time, the toon is very tasty and full of nutrients. As the saying goes “the toon before the rain is as tender as the silk.” Toon can improve immunity, calm the stomach. Stop diarrhoea, smooth your skin, reduce inflammation, and is said to have antibacterial and insecticidal effects.
“头伏饺子”
The Dumplings of the
1st of the 3 Periods
of Hot Season
而伏天民谚则有“头伏萝卜二伏菜，三伏还能种荞麦”，“头伏饺子，二伏面，三伏烙饼摊鸡蛋”。头伏吃饺子是传统习俗，伏日人们食欲不振，往往比常日消瘦，俗谓之苦夏，而饺子在传统习俗里正是开胃解馋的食物。山东有的地方吃生黄瓜和煮鸡蛋来治苦夏，入伏的早晨吃鸡蛋，不吃别的食物。徐州人入伏吃羊肉，称为“吃伏羊”，这种习俗可上溯到尧舜时期，在民间有“彭城伏羊一碗汤，不用神医开药方”之说法。徐州人对吃伏羊的喜爱莫过于当地民谣“六月六接姑娘，新麦饼羊肉汤”。
Folk proverbs for the hot summer days include “You can grow radishes in the first period, vegetables in the second period, and can still grow buckwheat in the third”, and “Eating dumplings in the first period, noodles in the second, and baked pancake with scrambled eggs in the third.” Eating dumplings in the first of the three periods of the hot season is a traditional custom. People have no appetite on scorching hot days and in most cases end up becoming thinner than usual. Colloquially, this is called ku xia, i.e. loss of appetite and weight in summer. In the traditional custom, dumplings just happen to be the food that stimulates one’s appetite and satisfies a craving for good food. People in some places in Shandong Province eat raw cucumber and boiled eggs to treat the loss of appetite in the hot season, and they eat eggs without any other food in the morning at the start of the hot season. People in Xuzhou eat mutton at the start of the hot season, which is called “eating summer lamb (chi fuyang)”, and can be traced back to the Yao and Shun Periods. There is a folk saying that says, “With one bowl of mutton soup in the hot season in Xuzhou, there’s no need to get a prescription from a doctor.” The love that people of Xuzhou have for eating summer lamb is as vivid as what depicts in their local folk song,“Welcoming my daughter back on the sixth day of the sixth month, with new wheat cake and mutton soup.”
晒书晾衣
Drying Books and
Clothing in the Sun
小暑时节，南北各地都流行晒物。这是因为江淮流域的梅雨季即将结束，而华北、东北等地区则开始进入多雨季节，趁着小暑前后晴天多、气温高，就要赶快将书籍经卷和久不曾穿的衣服拿到太阳底下烘晒，以除螨、祛霉味，还能防止书籍受潮、生蠹虫。
Drying things in the sun is very popular throughout the north and south during the Slight Heat. This is because the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin’s rainy season is about to end, while places like northern and northeastern China are about to enter their rainy season, people take advantage of the time around the Slight Heat where more days are clear and temperatures are high, to busk the books, scrolls, and clothes that haven’t been worn for a long time in the sun to get rid of mites and eliminate musky smells, and to prevent the books from being affected with damp and moths.
赏莲花
Admiring Lotus
In Minor Heat, high temperatures are good for the growth of the lotus flower. From Minor Heat to the Double Ninth Festival, the lotus flower is in full bloom, and always simple but elegant.
小暑时的高温很适合莲花的生长。从小暑到重阳节，莲花一直处于全盛花期，朴素而高雅。
赏荷花时，总会想起周敦颐的《爱莲说》：“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”——
Lovers of flowering plants and shrubs we have had by scores, but Tao Yüan-ming alone devoted himself to the chrysanthemum. Since the opening days of the Tangdynasty, it has been fashionable to admire the peony; but my favourite is thewater – lily. How stainless it rises from its slimy bed! How modestly it reposeson the clear pool – an emblem of purity and truth! Symmetrically perfect, itssubtle perfume is wafted far and wide, while there it rests in spotless state, something to be regarded reverently from a distance, and not be profaned byfamiliar approach.
水陆草木之花，可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊；自李唐来，世人盛爱牡丹；予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭静植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。
——周敦颐《爱莲说》
英文译者为英国作家翟理思（Herbert Allen Giles）
小暑养生
Health Maintenance
每年7月7日或8日为小暑。小暑意指天气开始炎热，是进入长夏的第一个节气。长夏在五脏属脾，长夏最大的特点是湿气太重，脾最怕湿邪来犯，受“湿邪”的侵袭容易出现周身乏力、脾胃不和、恶心出汗、手足水肿、大便稀溏等症状。在饮食上要清淡，少食油腻，多吃些解暑健脾的食物。
Slight Heat falls on the July 7th or 8th of each year, which is the first solar term upon entering the long summer and implies that the weather starts to become scorching hot. Long summer corresponds with the spleen in the five internal organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys) of the traditional Chinese medicine. And heavy humidity is the greatest feature of the long summer, which threatens the health of the spleen most. Symptoms including feeling weak all over the body, disharmony between the spleen and stomach, nausea and sweating, edema in the hands and feet, and thin sloppy stool easily occur after an attack from the “damp evil”. Therefore, one should eat a light diet, and eat food of less greasy and food that help to relieve summer-heat and strengthen the spleen.
民间还有小暑吃藕的习俗，藕中含有大量的碳水化合物、钙磷铁钾等微量元素及多种维生素和膳食纤维，具有清热养血除烦等功效，适合夏天食用。鲜藕以小火煨烂，切片后加适量蜂蜜，可随意食用，有安神入睡之功效，可治血虚失眠。
There is also a folk custom of eating lotus root during the Slight Heat. Lotus root contains a large amount of carbohydrates,and micro nutrients like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium and ferrum along with many kinds of vitamins and dietary fiber. It helps to clear heat, nourishing blood, and relieving restlessness, which is a such a good food to be eating in summer. Simmered slowly with low heat till tender, the fresh lotus root can be eaten after cutting into slices with an appropriate amount of honey added to it. It functions well in soothing the nerves and helping with sleep, and treating insomnia caused by blood deficiencies.
俗语说小暑黄鳝赛人参。黄鳝生于水岸泥窟之中，以小暑前后一个月的夏鳝鱼最为滋补味美。夏季往往是慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、风湿性关节炎等疾病的缓解期，而黄鳝性温味甘，具有补中益气、补肝脾、除风湿，强筋骨等作用。
A folk adage goes that the finless eel in the season of the Slight Heat is better than ginseng. Finless eel grows in mud caves on the water’s edzige. And the summer finless eels are most nutritious and delicious in the month around the Slight Heat. Summer is always the remission phase of diseases like chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, while the Finless eel is warm in nature and sweet in taste, which makes it a excellent tonic in invigorating the spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi, nourishing the liver and spleen, alleviating rheumatism, and strengthening muscles and bones.
相关诗词
Poems
孟浩然
山光忽西落，
池月渐东上。
散发乘夕凉，
开轩卧闲敞。
荷风送香气，
竹露滴清响。
欲取鸣琴弹，
恨无知音赏。
感此怀故人，
中宵劳梦想。
Missing Him on a Summer's Day
By Meng Haoran
Tr. Zhao Yanchun
The sun uphill sets down the west
The moon downstream climbs up the east
Hair loose, by the zephyre caressed
I rest, the door open, so pleased
The lotus balmy air here brings
The bamboo dew drips, a clear lay
Now I would pluck the zithern strings
Who will listen and with me stay
I miss my friend, where is he now
It's but a dream, dreamed anyhow
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