考证考研必备：4月热词中英汇总
现场祭扫活动
on-site commemorative activities
4月1日，在国务院联防联控机制召开的新闻发布会上，民政部社会事务司副司长范瑜在回答记者提问时表示，目前“外防输入、内防反弹”的要求不能放松，今年清明除了现场祭扫以外，倡导多样化的祭扫方式。
Nine provinces, including Central China’s Hubei province, have suspended on-site commemorative activities during the three-day holiday from Saturday to Monday, according to Fan.
全国哀悼日
national day of mourning
为表达全国各族人民对抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争牺牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，国务院发布公告，决定2020年4月4日举行全国性哀悼活动。
China will hold a national mourning Saturday for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots died of the disease, according to the State Council.
在此期间，全国和驻外使领馆下半旗志哀，全国停止公共娱乐活动。
During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended across the country.
粮食安全
food security
4月4日下午，国务院联防联控机制就做好疫情期间粮食供给和保障工作情况举行发布会。
【词汇讲解】
在英语里，“粮食安全”用food security表示，而food safety则表示“食品安全”。这二者的区别是：food security强调的是确保人们都能得到维持健康生活所需要的粮食，主要跟粮食的供应和人们获取的渠道有关；而food safety强调的是确保人们吃进嘴里的食物在生产、存储和销售等环节都符合卫生健康标准。
健康信息
health information
中国民用航空局、中华人民共和国海关总署4月7日发布关于中国籍旅客乘坐航班回国前填报防疫健康信息的公告。
Chinese passengers who are going to fly from 26 countries, including the United States, Italy and Spain, to China are required to submit their health information prior to boarding the plane, the country's civil aviation regulator said on Tuesday.
民航局4月7日表示，从美国、意大利、西班牙等26国回国的中国籍旅客需在乘坐航班前填报个人健康信息。
5G消息业务
5G messaging service
4月8日，中国移动、中国电信、中国联通联合举行线上发布会，共同发布《5G消息白皮书》。
Falling under the technical name of rich communication services, or RCS, the 5G messaging service is designed to replace current short messages with a system that is richer, provides phone book polling, and can transmit in-call multimedia.
5G消息，其技术名称为“富媒体通信/富通信服务”，旨在用一个更加丰富的体系取代现有的短信服务，可以提供通讯录查询以及通话时多媒体传输。
伴侣动物
companion animal
农业农村部近日制订了《国家畜禽遗传资源目录(征求意见稿)》，就畜禽目录向社会公开征求意见。
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has excluded dogs from its draft list of edible terrestrial animals.
农业农村部在这份目录征求意见稿中未将狗列为可食用陆生动物。
The draft has proposed as edible species the 18 traditional forms of livestock including pigs, cattle, chickens and ducks, alongside 13 special species including ostriches, silver foxes and minks.
该目录包括可食用的传统畜禽18种，包括猪、牛、鸡、鸭等，特种畜禽13种，包括鸵鸟、银狐、水貂等。
就业歧视
job discrimination
随着湖北地区疫情防控形势好转，各地复工复产进程加速，外出务工的湖北籍劳动者不断增多。但有媒体报道，一些地方出现了湖北籍劳动者受到区别对待、难找工作甚至被无故辞退的情况。
灭活疫苗
inactivated vaccines
国务院联防联控机制科研攻关组表示，我国两款新冠病毒灭活疫苗获得国家药品监督管理局一二期合并的临床试验许可，相关临床试验同步启动。
The two vaccines are China's first batch of COVID-19 inactivated vaccines that have obtained clinical trial approval. Using killed pathogenic microorganisms for enhancing the immunogenicity, the vaccines have advantages of mature production process, controllable quality standards and wide protection range.
此次获批进入临床试验的两款灭活疫苗是我国首批获得临床研究批件的新冠病毒灭活疫苗，是一种杀死病原微生物但仍保持其免疫原性的疫苗，具有生产工艺成熟、质量标准可控、保护范围广等优点。
They can be used for large-scale vaccination, and their safety and effectiveness can by judged by internationally accepted standards.
这两款疫苗可用于大规模接种，并且有国际通行标准来判断疫苗的安全性和有效性。
世卫组织“断供”
suspend funding WHO
美国总统特朗普4月14日宣布，美国暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。
US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.
美国总统特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暂停向世界卫生组织提供资金。他说，世卫组织在应对新冠肺炎疫情时“没有履行其基本职责”。
包机
charter flights
民航局4月15日介绍，国际客运航班调整以来，平均每天入境旅客维持在两三千人左右。此外，疫情发生以来，民航局安排临时航班（包机）赴疫情严重国家接回中国公民。
Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.
民航局新闻发言人熊杰在网络发布会上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包机协助在伊朗、意大利、英国、美国、西班牙的2744名中国公民回国，其中留学生1449名。
消费券
coupons
为活跃消费市场，从4月19日起，武汉市人民政府将陆续向全体在汉人员投放5亿元的“武汉消费券”，以支持全市商贸和文旅行业复工、复产、复市。
The municipal government of Wuhan will hand out the vouchers weekly via the online platforms of Alibaba, Meituan Dianping and Tencent. The above three e-commerce giants will also offer their own coupons worth a total of 1.8 billion yuan, which may be used together with the government-issued vouchers. The first stage of distribution will be from April 19 to May 31, and the second stage from June 1 to July 31.
“武汉消费券”将在阿里巴巴、美团点评、腾讯等3家企业自有线上平台上按周投放，总体投放分两期执行。其中，第一期为4月19日至5月31日，第二期为6月1日至7月31日。阿里巴巴、美团点评、腾讯等3家企业还匹配了总价值约18亿元的消费券，消费者可将“武汉消费券”与3家企业的消费券叠加使用。
“未见异常”健康状态
health status of "no sign of abnormality"
Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.
北京市发展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地区往返人员可以通过“北京健康宝”小程序申请“未见异常’健康状态”，为其出行提供便利。
“北京健康宝”是一个方便个人查询自身防疫相关健康状态（health status）的小工具，所有在京及进（返）京人员均可使用。查询结果包含“集中观察（concentrated observation）”、“居家观察（home-based observation）”以及“未见异常（no sign of abnormality）”三种状态，分别用红色、黄色以及绿色进行标识。
稳就业
ensure employment
4月21日，人社部举行一季度新闻发布会，介绍了一季度人力资源和社会保障工作进展情况。
To offset COVID-19's impact on the job market, China has taken measures to ensure employment and promote work resumption, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS).
人社部表示，为了对冲新冠肺炎疫情对就业市场的影响，我国采取了一系列措施稳定就业，推进复工复产。
偷井盖
theft of manhole covers
针对近年来时有发生的窨井“吃人、伤人”事件，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部日前联合下发意见，就办理涉窨井盖相关刑事案件作出系统规定，依法惩治涉窨井盖犯罪。
The guideline comprises 12 articles, including punishments of ordinary criminal crimes such as theft and destruction of manhole covers as well as crimes of dereliction of duty related to manhole covers.
该指导意见共有12条，包括盗窃、破坏窨井盖等普通刑事犯罪以及与窨井盖相关的渎职犯罪。
天问一号
Tianwen-1
4月24日，国家航天局在2020年中国航天日线上启动仪式上公布：中国行星探测任务（planetary exploration missions）被命名为“天问（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探测任务（first Mars exploration mission）被命名为“天问一号”，后续行星任务依次编号。
移动互联网接入流量
mobile data traffic
在国务院联防联控机制4月25日举办的新闻发布会上，工业与信息化部信息技术发展司一级巡视员李颖透露，今年3月户均移动互联网接入流量达到近12月以来的最高点。
In the first quarter of 2020, China's mobile data traffic consumption soared 39.3 percent from the same period of last year, Li told the press conference. In March alone, the average household usage of mobile traffic reached 9.5 GB, the highest level in almost a year, reflecting the rapid growth of information consumption, Li added.
李颖在发布会上表示，今年一季度，我国移动互联网接入流量同比增长39.3%。今年3月户均移动互联网接入流量达到9.5GB，为近12月以来的最高点，反映了信息消费的高增长态势。
五一假期
May Day holiday
文化和旅游部官网发布旅游提示，提醒广大游客“五一”出游疫情防控不放松，安全文明记心中。
Tourists are asked to pay close attention to the situation of epidemic risks released by local authorities and the latest epidemic prevention and control measures of their destination, according to a statement on the official website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
文旅部官网发布的提示指出，游客要密切关注各地疫情防控部门发布的疫情风险情况，了解目的地最新疫情防控政策。
Tourists are urged to carry out self-protection measures including wearing masks and washing their hands frequently, as well as keeping their distance from others while taking transportation and visiting parks. The use of serving chopsticks and spoons during meals is also recommended, the statement said.
游客要做好自我防护，戴口罩、勤洗手，在乘坐交通工具、入园游览时，自觉与其他游客保持间距。就餐时使用公筷公勺。
零号病人
patient zero
Chinese scientists said on Monday that it is very unlikely the novel coronavirus was man-made, and finding patient zero is a formidable task that requires global collaboration to succeed.
中国科学家4月27日表示，新冠病毒是人造的可能性很低，追溯“零号病人”难度很大，需要全球各国携手展开工作。
收费公路
toll roads
交通运输部4月28日发布关于恢复收费公路收费的公告。
China's Ministry of Transport announced to restore all tolls across the country from May 6. The move is valid for all toll roads nationwide, including bridges and tunnels, the ministry said in a notice, adding that given vehicles approved by law will continue to be exempted from tolls.
交通运输部发布公告，自2020年5月6日零时起，全国收费公路恢复收费（含收费桥梁和隧道）。与此同时，继续落实法定免费通行政策。
突发公共卫生事件应急响应
response to public health emergencies
4月30日零时起，北京将突发公共卫生事件一级响应调整为二级响应（lower the emergency response to the novel coronavirus epidemic from the top level to the second level），并相应调整防控策略。
来源：中国日报
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