国际翻译日
2017年5月24日,第71届联合国大会一致通过第A/71/L.68号决议,将每年9月30日正式确定为国际翻译日(International Translation Day)。
国际翻译日又被称为圣杰罗姆(Saint Jerome)日,在正式确定前已经有了较长的历史。圣杰罗姆(347-420)是早期西方《圣经》学家,作为《圣经》拉丁文本的译者,他一直被西方笔译和口译工作者奉为守护神。长期以来,笔译和口译工作者(以及他们所在的协会)都会在他生日(9月30日)前后的日子举行纪念活动。
多年来,包括国际翻译家联盟、联合国教科文组织在内的国际组织一直致力于推动联合国正式设立国际翻译日。自1953年起,国际翻译家联盟(FIT:International Federation of Translators)和世界各地的翻译工作者都将每年9月30日视为国际翻译日,并以不同方式举行庆祝活动。1991年FIT将每年9月30日正式定为国际翻译日,在世界各国推广翻译这一职业。
每年的这一天,国际翻译界都会组织不同形式的主题活动。2017年国际翻译日的主题为“翻译和多样化”。
历年国际翻译日主题
1992:Translation — the vital link
翻译——至关重要的纽带
1993:Translation, a pervasive presence
翻译,无处不在
1994:The many facets of translation
翻译面面观
1995:Translation, a key to development
翻译,发展之关键
1996:Translators and Copyright
翻译与版权
1997:Translating in the Right Direction
翻译的正确方向
1998:Good Translation Practices
翻译的成功经验
1999:Translation — Transition
翻译-转变
2000:Technology serving the needs of translation
服务于翻译需要的技术
2001:Translation and ethics
翻译与职业道德
2002:Translators as agents of social change
翻译工作者是社会变革的促进者
2003:Translators' rights
翻译工作者的权利
2004:Translation, underpinning multilingualism and cultural diversity
翻译:多语并存与文化多元性的基石
2005:Translation and Human Rights
翻译与人权
2006:Many Languages — One Profession
多种语言——同一职业
2007:Don’t Shoot the Messenger!
请勿迁怒于信使!
2008:Terminology: Words Matter
术语学——词语至关重要
2009:Working together
携手合作
2010:Translation quality for A Variety of Voices
多样化的语言,高质量的翻译
2011:Bridging cultures
沟通文化
2012:Translation as Intercultural Communication
翻译与跨文化交流
2013:Beyond Linguistic Barriers – A United World
跨越语言障碍 回归同一世界
2014:Language Rights: Essential to All Human Rights
语言权利:一切人权之基础
2015:The Changing Face of Translation and Interpreting
变化中的翻译职业
2016:Translation and Interpreting: Connecting Worlds
连接世界
2017:Translation and Diversity
翻译和多样化
延伸阅读:
Translation and Diversity
In our digital world, a product or service is often marketed in many countries, and information appears to flow instantly across most national boundaries. Yet we don’t want other societies to impose their way of thinking on us. How does translation relate to the desire to access everything while retaining diversity?
Cultural diversity is closely tied to linguistic diversity. Losing your language means losing a part of your cultural identity. Translation is important both to maintaining and learning from a culture.
Globalisation brings greater international cooperation, but the downside of that can be cultural homogenisation, which in turn threatens diversity. In an effort to access global markets effectively, products and services are often translated with sensitivity to the target culture, rather than imposing the culture of the source content. This type of translation, called localisation, thus supports diversity.
Language transcends physical barriers of distance, borders and time. Translation of literature and other culture-specific material, such as foreign film through subtitling and dubbing, is different from localisation. In contrast to localisation, this type of translation typically aims to open a window to the source culture, and thus helps share local insights and alternative views of the world, giving the experience of another culture through one’s own language.
Both localisation and source-culture-specific translation are challenging intellectual tasks that involve much more than mechanically matching up the words and phrases of two languages. Only skilled human translators are able to perform these creative types of translation, which help us maintain our own culture and learn from other cultures, respectively.
Each culture in the world should be in control of its destiny. By promoting diversity of cultures and languages, we can hope to create a bright and colourful world, full of possibilities for learning, growing and sharing a peaceful vision for humanity based on mutual respect. We thank translators for their contribution to diversity as we celebrate International Translation Day 2017.
(编辑:xueqi)