美军为什么要买这么多伟哥？
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Why does the US military buy so much Viagra?
美军为什么要买这么多伟哥？
美军为什么要买这么多伟哥？
Amid the fall-out from US President Donald Trump's announcement on Twitter that transgender people will not be able to serve in the US military, one statistic has been frequently raised to draw attention to the comparatively small estimated costs of transgender healthcare.
美国总统特朗普在推特上宣布变形人群将不可以服役于美国军队，引起了沸沸扬扬讨论，其中，在谈起针对变性人的医疗费用的一小部分支出，有一个经常被提起的数据引人注目。
It refers to the amount the Pentagon spends on erectile dysfunction medication annually: about $84m (￡63m), according to the Military Times newspaper.
它涉及到了五角大楼在用于勃起功能障碍的药物购买方面，每年的支出是8400万美金（约为5.66亿人民币），据军事时报报道。
In contrast, the Rand Corporation think tank estimated last year that gender transition-related health care costs for transgender personnel would increase the military's active duty health budget by $8.4m per year at the most.
相比之下，据兰德公司智库的估计，去年为那些变性员工在变性相关的医疗花费上，可能导致军队现役医疗预算增加了高达840万美金（约为5660万人民币）。
But why does the US defence department spend so much on erectile dysfunction drugs?
但是，为什么美国国防部要在勃起功能障碍的药物方面花费这么多钱？
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Older retirees
年老的退休人员
First, it is worth pointing out that the Military Times' February 2015 report based its figure on 2014 data from the Defense Health Agency.
首先，值得指出的是军事时报2015年2月份的报告，是根据国防保健署提供的2014年的数据。
The spend of $84.2m was for that year, but the newspaper also reported that $294m had been spent on Viagra, Cialis and other such medications since 2011.
8420万美金是那一年的支出，但是报纸同时报道说，已经有2.94亿美金是用来购买伟哥、西力士、及其他这类药物的。
It pointed out that this cost the equivalent of more than a few fighter jets.
它指出，这笔费用比几架战斗机的费用还高。
In 2014, some 1.18 million prescriptions were filled, mostly for Viagra. But who were they for? The answer goes some way in explaining the massive spend.
在2014年，开出了一百一十八万美金的处方，其中多为伟哥。但是这些都是给谁用的？答案会有利于解释这么大的开销的原因。
It is true that some of the erectile dysfunction medication went to active-duty personnel.
其中一些勃起功能障碍的药物确实是为现役人员支出的。
But the vast majority went to other groups eligible, including millions of military retirees and their family members. In fact, around 10 million people in total are estimated to be covered by the Pentagon's healthcare system, which cost $52bn in 2012.
但是，更大部分的支出是为了其他一些符合条件的人群，包括数百万的军队退休／退役人员以及他们的家属。事实上，五角大楼的医疗保障系统覆盖的人群大约在一千万，在2012年，费用是520亿美金（相当于3502亿人民币）。
It is well known that erectile dysfunction is more common among older men - which would explain a hefty bill for retired service members.
众所周知，勃起功能障碍常见于年长的男性 - 这也可以解释针对退休／退役人员庞大的支出。
In fact, less than 10% of the prescriptions were for active duty personnel, according to the Military Times.
事实上，根据军事时报报道说，有不到10%的处方是发给现役人员的。
Still, erectile dysfunction among those currently serving in the US military has been increasing since the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan began.
同时，自从伊拉克和阿富汗战争之后，勃起功能障碍在美军现役人员当中在不断扩大。
'Psychological causes’
心理原因
A 2014 study by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (AFHSB) found that 100,248 cases of erectile dysfunction were diagnosed among active service members between 2004 and 2013, with "annual incidence rates" more than doubling in that time period.
一份2014年来自军队健康监督部的调查发现，从2004年至2013年，有100，248例现役人员被诊断为勃起功能障碍，且“年发病率”都有高于一倍的增长。
Nearly half of all the cases were due to psychological causes, according to the study.
超过半数以上的病例都是源于心理原因，据调查发现。
A study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2015 found that male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were "significantly more likely than their civilian counterparts to report erectile dysfunction or other sexual problems", according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs.
一份由性医学杂志在2015年的报告发现，罹患创伤后的精神失调男性退伍军人较之平民，更多的被发现有勃起功能障碍或其他性相关问题，“据美国退休军人事务部说。
One study cited found that 85% of male combat veterans with PTSD report erectile dysfunction, nearly four times the rate among those returning from combat who are not diagnosed with a mental health disorder.
一份报告称，85%的、有创伤后的精神失调的、男性退伍军人被报告有勃起功能障碍，是那些没有创伤性精神失调的退伍军人的数字的四倍。
In 2008, the Rand Corporation reported that one in five US veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were suffering from PTSD or major depression.
在2008年，兰德公司报告说，每五个从伊拉克和阿富汗战争中退伍的军人当中，就有一个在忍受着创伤性精神失调或其他重要的抑郁症的折磨。
However, a key statistic buried in the AFHSB study of active duty personnel between 2004 and 2013 suggests one should be cautious of reading too much into the links between America's recent wars, PTSD and erectile dysfunction in relation to the military's massive spend on Viagra.
但是，一个重要的数字隐藏在军队健康监督部对于现役人员2004年和2013年之间的调查中，它提醒人们在解读这些信息的时候，应谨慎，不应只在意美国近年的战争、创伤性精神失调和勃起功能障碍，与军队大量花在购买伟哥的费用之间的关系。
Personnel who had never been deployed were actually more likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction than their counterparts who had been.
那些从来没有参加过军事行动的人员，或许比那些真正参加过的人、更有可能受到勃起功能障碍的困扰。
Finally, erectile dysfunction is linked to common conditions, including heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
最后，勃起功能障碍与常见的诸如心脏?⒏哐购吞悄虿∈窍喙亓摹?
In 2007, it was estimated that the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among US men was 18%.
在2007年，据估计当时在美国男人当中，普遍的有勃起功能障碍的人将近18%。
In summary: it is a common condition, and the US military pays for the healthcare of millions of men, meaning it spends a lot on Viagra and other such drugs.
结论：这是一种常见的情况，且美国军队为数百万的人支付医疗费用，也就是说其中包含了很多的伟哥和其他类似的药品。
重点单词汇总
US military：美国军队
Viagra：伟哥，万艾可
erectile dysfunction：勃起功能障碍
prescription：处方
post-traumatic stress disorder：创伤性精神失调
depression：抑郁症
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