双语│《新疆人权事业的发展进步》白皮书（下）
疆人权事业的发展进步
Human Rights in Xinjiang – Development and Progress
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2017年6月
June 2017
Human Rights in Xinjiang – Development and Progress
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2017年6月
June 2017
目录
Contents
七、宗教信仰自由权利
VII. Right to Freedom of Religious Belief
八、妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人权利
VIII. Rights of Women, Children, the Elderly and Disabled
七、宗教信仰自由权利
VII. Right to Freedom of Religious Belief
在新疆，国家坚持保护合法、制止非法、遏制极端、抵御渗透、打击犯罪的原则，全面贯彻落实宗教信仰自由政策，正常宗教活动受到法律保护，公民宗教信仰自由得到依法保障。
Subject to the basic principles of “protecting the lawful, banning the unlawful, containing the extremist, resisting penetration, and punishing crime,” the state and the autonomous region fully implement the policy of freedom of religious belief, protecting normal religious activities and ensuring the public’s freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law.
宗教信仰自由得到尊重保护。宪法规定：“中华人民共和国公民有宗教信仰自由。”国务院颁布的《宗教事务条例》和新疆制定的《新疆维吾尔自治区宗教事务条例》，体现了这一宪法精神。信仰或不信仰宗教，信仰这种宗教或那种宗教，完全由公民自主选择。公民不因信仰宗教或不信仰宗教而受到歧视和不公正待遇。侵犯公民宗教信仰自由要承担相应的法律责任。依法加强宗教事务管理，宗教活动场所和正常宗教活动受到保护。实行有组织、有计划的朝觐政策，加强服务保障，确保朝觐活动安全有序。
Freedom of religious belief is respected and protected. It is stipulated in the Constitution of China, “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief.” This principle is also reflected in the Regulations on Religious Affairs promulgated by the State Council and the Regulations on Religious Affairs of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is up to the individual concerned to make his or her free decision to believe in or not to believe in any religion, and to believe in one religion or another. Citizens shall not subject to discrimination or unfair treatment because they believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. Anyone who encroaches on the citizens’ freedom of religious belief shall bear legal liability. Xinjiang has strengthened its management of religious affairs in accordance with the law, protecting venues for lawful religious activities. It has implemented a policy for planning and organizing pilgrimages to Mecca, and has strengthened services to ensure that all such pilgrimages are safe and orderly.
正常宗教需求得到满足。以多种语言文字翻译出版发行伊斯兰教、佛教、基督教等宗教典籍，仅《古兰经》《布哈里圣训实录精华》等就达176万余册。成立《新疆穆斯林》杂志社，出版维吾尔、汉、哈萨克三种文本杂志。开办维吾尔、汉两种语言文字的新疆穆斯林网。宗教团体举办信教公民宗教知识、礼仪培训班，满足信教公民学习和了解宗教知识的愿望。
Normal religious needs have been satisfied. Xinjiang has published translations of the religious classics of Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity in multiple languages. It has printed and distributed 1.76 million copies of the Quran and Selections from Al-Sahih Muhammad Ibn-Ismail al-Bukhari. Xinjiang Muslims, a periodical established in 2015, publishes in Uygur, Han Chinese, and Kazak. An internet portal for Xinjiang’s Muslims is available in Uygur and Han Chinese. Religious organizations have organized training courses on religious knowledge and etiquette for citizens with religious beliefs.
宗教团体合法权益得到有效维护。新疆现有宗教团体112个，政府帮助宗教团体改善条件，支持宗教团体发挥作用。不断完善培训体系，培养后备宗教教职人员，对宗教教职人员进行系统培训，提高综合素质，提升宗教团体自我管理水平。政府经常组织教职人员赴内地学习交流，开阔视野，提升素养。中央政府支持新疆伊斯兰教经学院扩建校舍，改善教学环境，扩大招生规模。
Legitimate rights of religious organizations have been effectively safeguarded. Xinjiang has 112 religious organizations, which receive help from the government to improve their conditions and allow them to play a broader role. Steady improvements have been made in the training system to cultivate clerics, by offering them systemic training, enhancing their overall qualities, and raising religious organizations’ capacity of self-management. The government organizes trips for Xinjiang’s clerics to study in the more developed parts of China and exchange with their counterparts there, so that they may broaden their vista and improve their overall qualities. The central government supports the Xinjiang Islamic Institute in expanding its campus, improving teaching conditions, and enrolling more students.
对外宗教交流不断深入。新疆宗教界代表多次参加国际学术交流会和研讨会。教职人员和宗教院校学生多次在国际上举办的《古兰经》诵读比赛中获奖。2001年以来，先后选派70多名经学院校学生和教职人员赴埃及、巴基斯坦等国高校留学深造，并设立奖学金奖励优秀学员。组织有宗教界人士参加的出访团多次赴国外访问交流，向国际社会介绍新疆经济社会发展、宗教信仰自由状况，增进相互了解和友谊。
Overseas religious exchanges have been conducted in increasing depth. Xinjiang’s religious circles have sent delegations to international academic exchanges and seminars, and its clerics and students at religious institutes have won prizes in competitions for reciting the Quran. Since 2001, Xinjiang has sent more than 70 clerics and students from the Islamic Institute to study at institutions of higher learning in Egypt, Pakistan, and other countries, and has set up scholarships to award those who achieve outstanding performance. It has organized delegations of religious figures to visit other countries, briefing the international community on Xinjiang’s socioeconomic development and its freedom of religious belief, so as to enhance mutual understanding and friendship.
依法遏制宗教极端思想渗透。受国际宗教极端主义思潮影响，近些年来，宗教极端主义在新疆滋生蔓延。宗教极端势力歪曲宗教教义，蛊惑蒙骗公众，强迫他人接受宗教极端思想，大肆制造暴恐活动，残害包括宗教人士和信教公民在内的各族无辜群众。为保障公民宗教信仰自由，新疆持续开展去极端化工作，实施《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》，依法加强宗教事务管理，防范和打击宗教极端，有效遏制了宗教极端主义渗透蔓延的态势。
Penetration of religious extremism has been curbed in accordance with the law. Influenced by international religious extremism, religious extremism has been spreading in Xinjiang in recent years. Extremist forces distort Islamic theology, bewitching the public, and force their extremist ideas onto others. They have masterminded large-scale incidents of violence and terrorism, injuring and killing innocent people of any ethnic group, even their fellow Islamic clerics and Muslims. To ensure citizens’ right to freedom of religious belief, Xinjiang has worked hard to combat extremism. It has implemented the Regulations on Anti-extremism of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, strengthened management of religious affairs in accordance with the law, and prevented and neutralized religious extremism, effectively curbing its spread.
八、妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人权利
VIII. Rights of Women, Children, the Elderly and Disabled
在新疆，妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人权利得到尊重保障，依法平等享有公民各项权利，中央和自治区政府还采取了一些有针对性的措施，满足他们的特殊需求。
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region respects and guarantees the rights of women, children, the elderly and the disabled, who enjoy all civil rights on an equal footing in accordance with the law. Both the central and the autonomous regional governments have taken targeted measures to meet their special needs.
妇女权利得到全面保障。逐步建立完善保障妇女权益的各项制度。消除就业性别歧视，实行男女同工同酬，促进和帮助妇女就业创业，加强女职工特殊劳动保护。妇女参与公共事务管理的人数持续增长，女干部从1955年的14661人增长到2015年的43.5万人。预防和打击强奸、拐卖妇女和组织、强迫妇女卖淫等严重侵害妇女人身权利的违法犯罪行为。实施《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》《新疆维吾尔自治区预防和制止家庭暴力规定》，探索建立反家暴联动机制，试点建立“反家庭暴力工作服务站”。为城镇社区妇女开展宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费筛查，为贫困妇女提供免费健康检查。截至2016年年底，孕产妇产前检查率达到95.45%，住院分娩率达到98.78%，孕产妇死亡率下降到33.14/10万。
Women’s rights have been safeguarded. Xinjiang has gradually created and improved a range of systems for safeguarding women’s rights and interests, by eliminating gender discrimination in employment, ensuring that men and women get equal pay for equal work, promoting women’s employment and encouraging and helping women to start businesses, and strengthening special labor protection for women employees. Steady increase has been observed in the number of women participating in the management of public affairs; female officials increased in number from 14,661 in 1955 to 435,000 in 2015. The autonomous region prevents and strikes hard at serious crimes encroaching upon women’s right of the person, including the rape, abducting and trafficking of women, and organized and forced prostitution. It implements the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Preventing and Prohibiting Domestic Violence and explores joint-action mechanisms against domestic violence, and has set up pilot “anti-domestic violence work stations.” Free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening has been held for women living in urban communities, and free health examination for impoverished women. By the end of 2016, 95.45 percent of pregnant and lying-in women were receiving prenatal examination, the hospital delivery rate had reached 98.78 percent, and the mortality rate of pregnant and lying-in women had dropped to 33.14 per 100,000.
儿童权利得到充分保护。截至2016年年底，婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别下降到16.43‰、26.31‰，计划免疫接种率达90%以上。实施“春蕾计划”“儿童快乐家园”“百万家庭亲情一线牵”“重生行动——全国贫困家庭唇腭裂儿童手术康复计划”“春苗工程——新疆儿童先天性心脏病免费救治项目”等。建立流浪儿童救助保护网络体系和早期预防干预机制，在全国率先开展“接流浪儿童回家”活动，健全流浪儿童生活、教育、管理、返乡和安置保障制度，对有严重不良行为的儿童进行行为矫治。增设孤残儿童养护、流浪儿童保护和残疾儿童康复的专业服务机构。福利机构供养孤儿最低基本生活费标准由2009年的360元/月提高到2016年的900元/月。开展农村留守儿童“合力监护、相伴成长”关爱保护专项行动，加强对无人监护等重点对象的干预帮扶，力争到2017年年底将全区所有农村留守儿童纳入有效监护范围。着力完善县、乡、村三级儿童服务体系，建立面向城乡困境儿童包括强制报告、应急处置、评估帮扶、监护干预在内的救助保护机制。已有10个法院设立独立建制的综合少年审判庭，固定合议庭24个，指定专人办理未成年人案件的法院有42个，直接参与审理涉少案件的审判法官共有215人。
Children’s rights have been fully protected. By the end of 2016, the mortality rates of infants and children under the age of five had dropped to 16.43 per thousand and 26.31 per thousand, respectively, and the EPI (endemic planned immunization) coverage rate had surpassed 90 percent. The autonomous region has carried out a series of programs, including the Spring Bud Project, Happy Homes for Children, Heng’ai Action, Reborn Action – the poor family’s children with cleft lip and palate operation rehabilitation program – and the Chunmiao Project – a program that provides free medical care to children in Xinjiang who suffer from congenital heart diseases. It has established a network for the protection of homeless children and a mechanism for early prevention and intervention in this regard. It took the lead in the country to start the program of “taking street children home”, by such means as improving mechanisms for the life, education, management, return, placement and security of vagabond children, and correcting some serious misbehavior. The autonomous region has established more professional service organizations for nursing and caring for the orphaned and disabled children, protecting street children, and rehabilitating disabled children. The minimum basic living standard for orphans in welfare institutions has increased from RMB360 per month in 2009 to RMB900 per month in 2016. A special project has been carried out on the joint guardianship of left-behind children in rural areas to strengthen intervention over and assistance to key individuals, especially the unsupervised, with a view of providing all rural left-behind children with effective guardianship by the end of 2017. Primary attention has been made on improving children service systems at county, township and village levels, and on building a protection and assistance mechanism incorporating compulsory reporting, emergency disposal, assessment and assistance, and guardianship and intervention. Ten courts have set up independent comprehensive juvenile tribunals, in addition to 24 fixed collegial panels and 42 courts that appoint special personnel to handle juvenile cases. There are in total 215 trial judges who are directly involved in the trial of juvenile cases in Xinjiang.
老年人权利保障机制不断健全。推进普遍性服务和个性化服务协同发展，满足多层次、多样化的健康养老需求。扩大社区养老覆盖范围，探索日间照料式养老等社区养老方式。2010年至2016年，累计投入41.77亿元建设504所养老机构，投入4.3亿元建设“失能失智”老人照料中心，投入8100万元建设老年养护院、社会福利院、乡镇服务福利中心、社区日间照料中心、农村互助幸福院等项目。制定实施政府购买养老服务、福利机构公建民营等政策。截至2016年年底，有为老服务社会组织和机构1998个，社区为老服务专兼职人员4328人，为老服务志愿者47053人。建立健全自治区、市（地、州）、县（市、区）、乡（镇、街道）、村（社区）五级老龄工作网络。
The mechanism for protecting the rights of the elderly has constantly improved. To meet the multi-level and diverse healthcare needs of the elderly, the autonomous region promotes the coordinated development of universal and customized services. It has increased coverage of community-based care for the elderly, and has explored day-care for the elderly and other ways within communities. From 2010 to 2016, Xinjiang had invested a total of RMB4.18 billion in building 504 nursing institutions for the aged, RMB430 million in building care centers for elderly people with disabilities and dementia, and RMB81 million in building nursing homes, social welfare institutes, township service and welfare centers, community day-care centers, rural elderly people’s homes and other programs. It has also formulated and implemented policies whereby government purchases pension services, and welfare institutions are founded by government but operated privately. By the end of 2016, there were 1,998 social organizations and institutions, 4,328 full-time and part-time personnel, and 47,053 volunteers providing services for the aged. Xinjiang has also set up and improved an old-age network at five levels – autonomous region, city (prefecture), county (county-level city, district), township (residential district) and village (community).
残疾人权益保障成效显著。新疆现有残疾人106.9万人，其中有22.5万人纳入城乡居民最低生活保障，29.8万人参加城乡居民基本养老保险，贫困残疾人个人缴费部分由政府代缴，4万名重度残疾人得到托养服务，36.4万名困难残疾人和重度残疾人享受了残疾人生活补贴和护理补贴。实施国家级重点康复项目和新疆贫困残疾人康复救助关爱工程，现有各类康复机构168个，社区康复站1738个。截至2016年年底，累计提供康复医疗和服务约114.3万人次，实施白内障复明手术21.43万例，免费发放残疾人辅助器具15.69万件。创建无障碍环境市县，对25360户贫困残疾人家庭实施了无障碍改造。截至2016年年底，城镇残疾人就业6.7万人，农牧区残疾人就业22.3万人。高校普遍招收残疾考生。普通中小学在读残疾学生7537人，29所特教学校在校残疾学生2927人，747个残疾人职业培训基地累计使11万名城乡残疾人接受职业培训，残疾人文盲率由1987年的57%下降至目前的31%。建成残疾人扶贫基地358个，累计扶持贫困残疾人2万余人。自治区和半数以上的市（地、州）开设了残疾人专题广播节目和电视手语新闻栏目，设立盲文及盲人有声读物阅览室16个，建立残疾人体育训练基地5个。在北京残奥会、伦敦残奥会等重大体育赛事中，新疆残疾人运动员共夺得金牌201枚、银牌132枚、铜牌125枚。残疾人组织遍布1073个乡镇（街道）、9207个社区（村），226个残疾人法律救助、援助协调和工作机构累计为残疾人提供法律服务167564人次。
Marked progress has been made in the protection of the rights and interests of the disabled. Xinjiang has now 1.07 million people with disabilities. Of these, 225,000 are covered by the subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and 298,000 have participated in the basic old-age insurance schemes respectively for urban and rural residents. Personal contributions of the disabled living under the prescribed poverty lines are paid by the government on their behalf. 40,000 people with severe disabilities have been provided with nursing services, and 364,000 impoverished people with disabilities and severe disabilities have been granted living allowances and nursing subsidies. Xinjiang has implemented national key rehabilitation programs and regional rehabilitation, relief and care projects for impoverished disabled people. It now has 168 rehabilitation institutions of various types and 1,738 community rehabilitation centers. By the end of 2016, it had provided rehabilitation treatment and service to 1.14 million recipients, performed 214,300 cataract operations, and distributed 156,900 assistive devices for free. The autonomous region endeavors to build barrier-free environments in cities and counties, and has carried out barrier-free transformation for 25,360 impoverished households with disabled family members. By the end of 2016, 67,000 jobs had been provided to disabled people in urban areas, and 223,000 to those in agricultural and pastoral areas. Colleges and universities generally recruit students with disabilities. In total, 7,537 disabled students are now studying in general elementary and secondary schools, and 2,927 in 29 special education schools. 747 vocational training bases have provided training to a total of 110,000 disabled people in urban and rural areas, and the illiteracy rate of the disabled has dropped from 57 percent in 1987 to today’ s 31 percent. Xinjiang has built 358 poverty alleviation bases for the disabled, and has provided support to more than 20,000 people with disabilities to improve their living conditions. The autonomous region and more than half of its cities (prefectures) have developed special broadcasting programs for people with disabilities and TV news programs in sign language, set up 16 Braille and audio book reading rooms for the blind, and built five sports training bases for people with disabilities. In the Beijing Paralympic Games, London Paralympic Games and other major sports events, disabled athletes from Xinjiang have won 201 gold medals, 132 silver ones and 125 bronze ones. Organizations for disabled persons are found in 1,073 townships (residential districts) and 9,207 communities (villages), and 226 legal assistance, coordination and working organizations have provided legal services to 167,564 recipients.
事实证明，中国特色社会主义制度为新疆人权事业的发展进步提供了坚强的制度保障，经济社会的快速发展为新疆人权事业的发展进步奠定了坚实的物质基础，和谐稳定的政治环境为新疆人权事业的发展进步创造了良好的社会条件。尊重和保障人权是中国的宪法原则。推动人权的不断发展进步，是包括新疆各族人民在内的全中国人民的不懈追求。在中国共产党和中国政府的坚强领导下，随着“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现，新疆的人权保障将提升到更高的水平，新疆各族人民将迎来更加美好的明天！
The socialist system with Chinese characteristics has provided a solid institutional guarantee to human rights development in Xinjiang; the rapid economic and social development has provided a solid material foundation; and the harmonious and stable political environment has ensured a satisfactory social environment. It is a principle of the Constitution to respect and protect human rights. To promote progress in human rights is the consistent pursuit of all Chinese people, including the ethnic groups of Xinjiang. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government, and with the realization of the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, further improvement will be seen in the protection of human rights in Xinjiang, and all ethnic groups in Xinjiang will be sure to greet a brighter future.
（编辑:xueqi）
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