双语│《新疆人权事业的发展进步》白皮书(中)
新疆人权事业的发展进步
Human Rights in Xinjiang – Development and Progress
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China
2017年6月
June 2017
Human Rights in Xinjiang – Development and Progress
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China
2017年6月
June 2017
目录
Contents
四、社会权利
IV. Social Rights
五、文化权利
V. Cultural Rights
六、环境权利
Environmental Rights
四、社会权利
IV. Social Rights
新中国成立初期,新疆民生基础极其薄弱。通过60多年的不懈努力,公民社会保障权、健康权和受教育权等社会权利的保障达到了前所未有的水平。
Standards of living in Xinjiang were very low when the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. Following more than 60 years of unstinting effort, protection of the citizens' rights to social security, health, and education has reached unprecedented levels, as evidenced in the following:
社会保障水平稳步提高。新中国成立后,政府投入大量资金,加强新疆社会保障制度建设,已形成广覆盖、保基本、多层次的社会保障体系。2016年新疆已全面建立了城乡居民和城镇职工大病保险制度,全民免费享受人身意外伤害保险。截至2016年年底,新疆企业职工基本养老保险参保人数达到342.19万人(不含机关事业单位养老保险制度改革后增加人数),农村基本养老保险参保人数达到539.58万人,城乡居民基本养老保险参保率稳定在95%以上;城镇基本医疗保险参保人数达到687.55万人,新型农村合作医疗参合人数达到1125.75万人,失业、工伤、生育保险参保人数达738.89万人次,社会保障卡累计发放1207万张,覆盖率达到55.4%。社会保障水平不断提高,到2016年,已连续12年增加企业退休人员基本养老金和提高工伤保险待遇,连续5年提高失业保险待遇。通过完善社会保险与物价水平挂钩联动机制,及时调整缴费基数。为减轻城镇个体工商户和灵活就业人员经济负担,2014年下调了这些人员的基本养老保险最低缴费基数。制定劳动者特别是进城务工人员参加城镇职工基本养老保险制度衔接政策。新型农村社会养老保险与城镇居民社会养老保险基础养老金标准实现一致,从最初的每人每月55元提高到115元。
Social security has been improved. Once the People's Republic was founded, the government provided generous funding to reinforce Xinjiang's social security system. Now a multi-layered basic social security system with wide coverage is in place. In 2016, Xinjiang launched serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents and urban workers, and personal accident insurance was made available to all residents free of charge. By the end of 2016, each of the following goals had been achieved:
A total of 3.42 million employees were covered by basic old-age insurance (excluding those who joined the plan following the reform of old-age insurance in government bodies and public institutions).
A total of 5.40 million people had subscribed to rural basic old-age insurance, and the coverage of old-age insurance for urban and rural residents stood above 95 percent.
The basic medical insurance system covered 6.88 million people in urban areas, and 11.26 million rural residents had joined the new rural cooperative medical care system.
The total number of people participating in unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, and maternity insurance reached 7.39 million.
The government had issued 12.07 million social security cards, covering 55.4 percent of Xinjiang residents.
The level of social security has been improved over the years. By 2016, the basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees had been increased for 12 years in a run. Corresponding figures for work-related injury insurance benefits and unemployment insurance benefits were 12 years and 5 years, respectively. Timely adjustments have been made to the contribution basis by linking social security with price levels. To ease the burden on urban small business owners and self-employed persons, their old-age insurance contribution bases were lowered in 2014. Policies have been enacted to ensure that workers, and especially migrant workers who come to work in cities, are able to join the urban basic old-age insurance scheme. The new rural social old-age insurance system has been brought into line with urban old-age insurance in terms of benefits received, from RMB55 to RMB115 per person per month.
社会救助制度发挥积极作用。新中国成立伊始,新疆就建立了针对城乡贫困居民的社会救助制度。2009年至2016年,城镇和农村居民平均最低生活保障标准,分别从每人每月172元和69元提高到384元和249.5元;农村五保户供养标准,从集中供养3036元/年、分散供养2280元/年,分别提高到6936元/年和4586元/年。各类收养性社会福利单位拥有床位4.4万张,收养各类人员2.6万人。截至2016年年底,95%的乡镇(街道)设立了“一站式”救助服务窗口,累计实施临时救助17.3万户次,支出救助资金18.5亿元。2016年新疆社会福利彩票募集福利事业资金12.61亿元,主要用于扶老、救孤、助残、济困等社会公益事业。2016年投入救灾及灾后重建资金7.36亿元,救助受灾群众477.9万人次。
The social assistance system is playing an active role. In Xinjiang, a social assistance system for needy urban and rural residents was established at the beginning of the PRC. Between 2009 and 2016, the monthly subsistence allowance for urban residents increased from RMB172 per capita to RMB384 per capita, while that of rural residents rose from RMB69 to RMB249.5. For rural households enjoying the “five guarantees” (access to proper food, clothing, medical care, housing and funeral/educational expenses), subsidies for those living in nursing homes increased from RMB3,036 to RMB6,936 per year, and the subsidies for those living at home grew from RMB2,280 to RMB4,586 per year. Social welfare institutions of various types had 44,000 beds and 26,000 persons are under their care. By the end of 2016, 95 percent of villages, townships, and urban communities had opened “one-stop” assistance offices, spending RMB1.85 billion to help 173,000 households in need. In 2016 Xinjiang's social welfare lotteries raised funds to the value of RMB1.26 billion, which were mainly spent on supporting the elderly, orphans, persons with disabilities, and people in need. In the same year a total of RMB736 million was allocated for disaster relief and reconstruction, providing assistance to 4.78 million victims of natural disasters.
健康权保障条件显著改善。新中国成立前,新疆医疗卫生事业落后,缺医少药,鼠疫、天花、霍乱等传染病肆虐,人民健康权利得不到基本保障。1949年只有医疗机构54个、病床696张,每万人拥有病床1.6张、医生0.19名。经过60多年发展,医疗卫生服务体系基本形成,医疗机构遍布城乡。截至2016年年底,已有各类卫生机构15721个,其中,各类医院707所,病床位14.45万张,医生5.1万人,护士5.6万人,每万人拥有医院床位数60.3张、执业医师21.2人,均高于全国平均水平。创新开展全科医师与居民签约服务,乡村医生签约定点为农牧民提供医疗服务。卫生防疫机构从无到有,已形成较为完善的城乡卫生防疫体系,重大传染病、地方病得到有效控制。健康水平持续提升,人口死亡率由1949年的20.82‰下降到2016年的4.26‰,人均预期寿命从30岁延长至72.35岁。自2016年始,城乡居民每年可享受一次免费健康体检。
There is marked improvement in ensuring access to healthcare. Before the PRC, Xinjiang's medical services were in a poor state; there was a shortage of doctors and medicines, and epidemics of diseases, such as the plague, smallpox, and cholera, were commonplace. People had no guaranteed access to health care. In 1949, Xinjiang had only 54 medical institutions with 696 beds, placing the medical service capacity at 1.6 beds and 0.19 doctors per 10,000 people. After more than 60 years of development a basic medical care system has been established, with medical institutions covering urban and rural areas. By the end of 2016, there were 15,721 medical institutions of various kinds – including 707 hospitals with 144,500 beds – and 51,000 doctors, and 56,000 nurses. With 60.3 beds and 21.2 doctors serving every 10,000 persons, Xinjiang is now above the national average in terms of medical service capacity.
受教育权得到全面保障。1949年以前,新疆文化教育水平极低,普通民众基本没有受教育机会。新中国成立后,在中央支持下,新疆采取各种措施大力发展教育事业。从1949年到2016年,小学由1335所增加到3526所,中学由9所增加到1416所,中等职业学校由11所增加到167所(未含技工学校),普通高校由1所增加到41所。高校在校生由0.04万人增加到42.01万人,中等职业学校在校生由0.20万人增加到23.51万人。累计培养普通高校毕业生102.21万人。基本实现九年义务教育全覆盖,南疆3年学前教育、12年基础教育全覆盖。各类成人教育进一步发展,多层次、多形式的职业技术培训体系基本形成。教育投入支出比例占财政总收入的5%以上,并随着财政收入的增长持续提高。义务教育全面纳入公共财政保障范围,统一城乡义务教育阶段学校公用经费基准定额,并不断提高寄宿制学校、规模较小学校、北方取暖地区学校、特殊教育学校和随班就读残疾学生的公用经费补助水平。2016年拨付29.48亿元,为271.43万名农村义务教育阶段学生补助公用经费和取暖费,为45.2万名农村家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助,为263万名农村义务教育阶段学生和城市部分中小学生提供免费教科书。在全区45个县和26所举办内初班学校实施了农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。举办内地新疆高中班、中职班,截至2016年年底,累计培养学生9.1万人。
The right to education is fully protected. Before 1949, the educational level in Xinjiang was very low, and the general public had very little chance of acquiring an education. Since the founding of the PRC, Xinjiang has gone to great lengths to develop its education with support from the central government. From 1949 to 2016, the number of elementary schools has increased from 1,335 to 3,526, secondary schools from 9 to 1,416, secondary vocational schools from 11 to 167 (excluding skilled workers schools), and higher education institutions from 1 to 41. The number of university students has risen from 400 to 420,100, and secondary vocational school students have increased from 2,000 to 235,100. A total of 1,022,100 students have graduated from colleges and universities. The nine-year compulsory education is now generally available to all children. In southern Xinjiang, all children have access to three years of preschool education and a 12-year basic education. Further progress has been made in adult education, and a multi-layered and diverse vocational training system has been established. Expenditure on education accounts for over 5 percent of the total fiscal revenue, and continues to grow as government revenues increase. Compulsory education has been included in public finance, and schools offering compulsory education in both urban and rural areas now operate according to the same public expenditure baseline. Subsidies for boarding schools, smaller schools, schools in northern Xinjiang with winter heating, special education schools, and students with disabilities have risen steadily. In 2016, the government allocated RMB2.95 billion to subsidize the public expenditure and heating fees of 2.71 million students from rural families receiving compulsory education. It also provided living subsidies for 452,000 boarders from needy rural families, and distributed free textbooks to 2.63 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas and some elementary and secondary school students in cities. In 45 counties and 26 schools running special classes for students from less developed areas in Xinjiang, a nutrition enhancement program has been introduced for compulsory-stage students from rural families. By the end of 2016, 91,000 students from Xinjiang had received high-school or secondary vocational education at special classes in more developed areas of the country.
五、文化权利
V. Cultural Rights
多年来,新疆持续提高基本公共文化服务均等化水平,广泛使用民族语言文字,着力保护文化遗产,有效维护了公民文化权利。
Xinjiang is committed to providing equal access to basic public cultural services, to using the spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities, and to protecting cultural heritage, thereby safeguarding the citizens' cultural rights.
基本公共文化服务均等化水平不断提高。新中国成立前,新疆仅有1个图书馆。经过60多年的努力,新疆公共文化服务事业得到长足发展。截至2016年年底,共有公共图书馆107个、博物馆90个、美术馆53个、文化馆119个、乡镇(街道)文化站1170个,并全部向社会免费开放。广泛开展全民阅读活动,农家书屋工程覆盖全部行政村。基本建成自治区、市(地、州)、县(市、区)、乡(镇、街道)四级公共文化服务体系。有广播电台6座,电视台10座,广播电视台93座,农村广播和电视综合人口覆盖率分别达到96.59%和96.91%。
Equal access to basic public cultural services is steadily improving. Before the founding of the PRC, there was only one library in Xinjiang. Thanks to efforts made since then, significant development has been made in the autonomous region's public cultural service undertakings. By the end of 2016, there were 107 public libraries, 90 museums, 53 galleries, 119 cultural centers, and 1,170 township (community) cultural activity venues, all offering free access to the public. A Rural Library Project covering all administrative villages provides farmers with books, periodicals, newspapers and audio and video products. There is now a basic public cultural service system in place at four levels (the autonomous region, the cities (prefectures), the counties and the townships). There are six radio stations, 10 TV stations, and 93 radio and TV stations. Almost 97 percent of the rural population has access to radio and TV.
民族语言文字广泛使用。根据宪法规定,国家在依法保障推行通用语言文字的同时,充分保障各少数民族使用本民族语言文字的权利。民族语言文字在新疆司法、行政、教育、新闻出版、广播电视、互联网、社会公共事务等领域得到广泛使用。现有13家出版社使用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、柯尔克孜、蒙古、锡伯六种语言文字出版图书、音像制品和电子出版物。公开发行报纸110种,其中少数民族文字报纸52种。发行期刊200种,其中少数民族文字期刊120种。用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古4种文字出版的新疆日报是中国使用文种最多的省级党委机关报。察布查尔报是世界仅有的锡伯文报纸。新疆人民广播电台现有维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古、柯尔克孜5种语言的15套广播节目。新疆电视台现有维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、柯尔克孜4种语言的12套电视节目,是全国播出频道、语种最多的省级电视台。
Spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities are widely used. The Constitution stipulates that the state promotes the nationwide use of Putonghua in accordance with the law; meanwhile, it safeguards the rights of various ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages. Spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities are extensively used in such areas as judicature, administration, education, press & publishing, radio & television, the Internet and social public affairs. Xinjiang now has 13 publishing houses publishing books, audio and video products, and e-publications in six languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Kirgiz, Mongolian and Xibe. Xinjiang publishes 110 newspapers, including 52 in ethnic minority languages, and 200 periodicals, including 120 in ethnic minority languages. Published in four languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Mongolian – the official provincial-level newspaper, Xinjiang Daily, boasts the most editions of different languages in China. Qapqal News is the world's only newspaper published in the Xibe language. Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station now provides 15 radio channels in five languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Mongolian and Kirgiz. Xinjiang TV provides 12 TV channels in four languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Kirgiz; it is, therefore the provincial-level TV station with the most channels and broadcasts in different languages throughout the country.
文化遗产得到有效保护。新中国成立之初,新疆省政府发布《关于保护文物古迹的通令》,重点保护库车县、拜城县千佛洞遗址。多年来,中央和地方政府投入资金对高昌故城、北庭故城遗址、喀什艾提尕尔清真寺等一大批文物古迹进行了修缮保护,抢救性保护修复了3000余件珍贵文物。截至2016年年底,新疆有世界文化遗产2处、国家级历史文化名城5座、国家级重点文物保护单位113处、自治区级文物保护单位558处,182家国有单位收藏保管可移动文物61.6万余件。新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜史诗《玛纳斯》、维吾尔族麦西热甫分别列入联合国教科文组织“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。新疆各民族均有代表性非遗项目列入国家级和自治区级非遗名录。
Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Following the founding of the PRC, the government of the autonomous region (then a province) issued the Order on the Protection of Historical Sites, giving priority to the conservation of the Thousand Buddha Caves Sites in Kuqa County and Baicheng County. For many years, the central and local governments have funded the conservation and renovation of many historical and cultural sites in Xinjiang, including the Gaochang Ancient City Ruins, Beiting Ancient City Site and Kashi's Id Kah Mosque. More than 3,000 precious cultural relics have been conserved and renovated. By the end of 2016, Xinjiang had two world cultural heritages, five national historical and cultural cities, 113 cultural relic sites under state key protection, and 558 cultural relic sites under autonomous regional protection, with more than 616,000 tangible cultural relics being collected and kept in 182 state-owned units. Currently, Xinjiang has three projects on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding – the Art of Xinjiang Uygur Muqam, the Epic of Manas, and the Meshrep. All ethnic groups in Xinjiang possess intangible cultural heritage items at both autonomous region and/or state levels.
六、环境权利
VI. Environmental Rights
新疆坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策,坚持环保优先、生态立区和可持续发展,坚持走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路,不断改善生态环境,促使人与自然和谐共生,有效保障人民的环境权利。
Xinjiang upholds the basic national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. Giving priority to environmental protection, it pursues ecology-friendly and sustainable development on the path toward a future of economic development where life is prosperous and a healthy environment is conserved, so as to constantly promote harmony between man and nature and effectively ensuring the people's environmental rights.
生态环境保护制度进一步完善。颁布实施《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国水土保持法〉办法》《乌鲁木齐市大气污染防治条例》《野生植物保护条例》《湿地保护条例》《煤炭石油天然气开发环境保护条例》等30余部地方性法规规章,两次修订《环境保护条例》。实施《新疆维吾尔自治区水功能区划》。加快推进《新疆环境功能区划》修编工作,为生态保护红线的划分提供基础技术依据。已形成生态保护、污染防治、辐射环境监管、危险废物及核安全监控管理体系。
Framework of eco-environmental protection has been further improved. Over 30 local regulations and rules, including the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Implementation of the Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Regulations of Urumqi City on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Regulations on Wild Plants Protection, Regulations on Wetland Protection, and Regulations on the Environmental Protection for the Development of Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas have been promulgated and implemented. The Regulations on Environmental Protection have been amended twice. Water Function Zoning of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has been implemented, and work on creating and revising the Environmental Function Zoning of Xinjiang has been accelerated, which will provide a basic technical foundation for the drawing of ecological red lines. A framework of ecological protection, pollution control, radioactive environment monitoring, and monitoring of hazardous waste and nuclear safety is in place.
生态建设扎实推进。实施天然林保护、退耕还林还草、退牧还草、防沙治沙、生态治理和修复、野生动植物保护等工程,不断改善生态环境,构建生态安全屏障。2016年以来,明确严禁“高耗能、高污染、高排放”项目进新疆,实行能源、矿产资源开发自治区政府“一支笔”审批制度,实行环境保护“一票否决制度”。截至2016年年底,绿洲森林覆盖率达到23.5%,草原综合植被盖度达到41.3%,林网有效保护了95%的农田,年均治理“三化”草地2000万亩,沙化土地年扩展速度下降到82.8平方公里,79条重要河流水质优良比例达到94%,湿地总面积超过394万公顷,有世界自然遗产1处、国家级湿地公园28个、国家和自治区级自然保护区29个。
Solid progress has been made in ecological development. Xinjiang has carried out a number of projects, including natural forest protection, returning farmland to forest or grassland, returning grazing land to grassland, prevention and control of desertification, ecological management and restoration, and wildlife protection, to constantly improve the ecological environment and create secure zones for ecological security. Since 2016, projects involving high energy consumption, serious pollution, and high emissions have been strictly prohibited in Xinjiang. A “one-chop” examination system has been enforced for the development of energy and mineral resources before approval obtained from the government of the autonomous region, besides a “one-veto” system for issues concerning environmental protection. As of the end of 2016, oasis forest coverage had reached 24 percent, grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage had reached 41 percent, and the forest network was providing effective protection to 95 percent of the farmland. Every year, Xinjiang improves 20 million mu (approximately 1,333,333 ha) of grassland suffering from degradation, desertification and salinization, reducing the expansion of desertified land to 82.8 sq km a year. Of the 79 major rivers, 94 percent have high water quality. Wetlands total more than 3.94 million hectares in area. There are 29 state- and autonomous region-level nature reserves, 28 state-level wetland parks, and one world natural heritage.
城市人居环境持续改善。全面推进城市生态修复,加快城市生态园林建设和城市湿地资源保护,不断提升城市绿化品质和综合服务功能。截至2015年年底,城市建成区绿地率达到34.9%,绿化覆盖率达到37.47%,人均公园绿地面积达到11.5平方米,有国家和自治区级园林城市20个,国家和自治区级园林县城44个,国家级城市湿地公园1个。
Urban living environment continues to improve. Xinjiang has worked to promote urban ecological restoration in an all-round manner, to speed up construction of urban ecological gardens and urban wetland resources, and to continuously enhance the quality of urban green space and comprehensive service functions. As of the end of 2015, the greening rate of urban built-up areas had reached 35 percent, the green coverage rate had reached 37 percent, and per-capita park green area had reached 11.5 sq m. There are 20 state- and autonomous region-level garden cities, 44 state- and autonomous region-level green countytowns, and one state-level urban wetland park.
环境污染治理措施有力。加大污染防治力度,强化水污染防治,推动工业集聚区污水集中处理设施建设和城镇污水处理及再生利用设施建设。加快推进垃圾处置设施建设步伐,提高处置能力和达标排放水平。
Effective measures have been adopted for pollution control. Xinjiang has intensified efforts in pollution prevention and control, strengthened water pollution prevention and control, and built centralized sewage treatment facilities in industrial agglomeration areas, as well as urban sewage treatment and recycling facilities. It has accelerated the pace of constructing waste disposal facilities, and improved the disposal capacity and level of up-to-standard discharge.
节能减排效果明显。积极调整优化产业结构和能源消费结构,发展循环经济和节能环保产业。2016年风电、光伏发电投产规模分别达到1775万千瓦和892.6万千瓦,位居全国第2位和第1位。严格实行落后产能淘汰制度,累计淘汰火电、炼铁、炼钢、水泥、焦化等行业落后产能2100万吨,实现节能量约418万吨标准煤。“十二五”期间,二氧化硫、氮氧化物、化学需氧量和氨氮排放强度同比“十一五”期间分别下降39%、38%、44%和43%,全面完成国家下达的四项主要污染物排放总量控制目标任务。加大资金投入,支持工业、建设、交通、公共机构等重点领域和关键环节节能减排工作。新建住宅全面执行节能65%强制性标准,累计实施既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造9514万平方米。加快发展城市公共交通,引导居民绿色出行。强化大型公共建筑节能监管,累计有59家公共机构列入国家节约型公共机构示范单位。全面落实脱硫除尘电价政策。启动排污权有偿使用和交易试点,积极探索建立环境资源有偿使用的市场调节机制。2016年新疆排污权交易储备中心正式挂牌成立,排污权使用和交易试点工作开始走向制度化。
Obvious results have been seen in energy conservation and emission reduction. Xinjiang has actively adjusted and optimized energy consumption and the industrial configuration, and developed a circular economy and energy-conserving and environment-friendly industries. In 2016, its wind and photovoltaic generation capacity reached 17.75 million kilowatts and 8.93 million kilowatts, respectively, ranking second and first among China's provincial-level administrative divisions. A strict system for mothballing outdated capacity has been implemented, which has decommissioned a total of 21 million tons of outdated capacity in thermal power, iron and steel, cement, coking and other sectors, and saved energy equivalent to about 4.18 million tons of standard coal. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015), emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 39 percent, 38 percent, 44 percent and 43 percent respectively compared to the previous five-year plan period, showing that Xinjiang has achieved the national targets for controlling the discharge of these four major pollutants. Xinjiang has also given more financial support to energy conservation and emission reduction in industry, construction, transport, public institutions and other key sectors. A mandatory standard of 65 percent reduction in energy consumption has been followed for newly built houses, and 95 million sq m of existing residential buildings have gone through transformation in heating metering and energy conservation. Xinjiang has developed urban public transport, and encouraged residents to use green means of transport. It has strengthened energy efficiency supervision in large public buildings, and 59 public institutions have been included in the national list of energy efficiency demonstration units. A policy of special electricity prices for power plants with desulfurizing and dedusting equipment has been fully implemented. Xinjiang has launched a pilot program of paid use and trading of emissions permits, and actively explored a market regulation mechanism for paid use of environmental resources. In 2016, the Xinjiang Emissions Trading Reserve Center was formally established, marking institutionalization of the pilot work of the use and trade of emissions permits.
环境监察机制逐步健全。自2015年始,每年对30%以上的州(地、市)和5%县(市、区)开展环境执法稽查。实施“网格化”环境监管,确定重点监管对象,划分监管等级,确立监管人员案件质量终身负责制。对环境投诉举报实行“首问首接责任制”,开通12369环保举报热线。启动典型环境违法案件曝光机制,加强重点污染企业环保信用评价和信息公开,定期公开违法违规单位的整改情况和执法内容。
Mechanism of environmental monitoring has been improved. Since 2015, inspection of environmental law enforcement has been carried out in more than 30 percent of prefectures (districts or cities) and 5 percent of counties (cities or districts at the same level). A “grid” of environmental supervision has been established in which key objects for supervision are determined and levels of supervision are classified, and a system that supervisors shoulder a life-long responsibility for case quality has been established. Regarding environment-related complaints and reports, a responsibility system has been implemented, in which the first person who receives the complaint/report shall make sure the case is handled properly. A 12369 hotline for reporting environmental problems has been opened. A mechanism of exposing typical cases of environmental violation has been launched. Publicity concerning environmental credit evaluation and information about polluting enterprises has been strengthened, and information on rectification and enforcement actions against those violating laws and rules is regularly publicized.
环境违法行为受到惩处。强化政府和企业的环保责任,加大对环境违法的处罚和责任追究力度。摸底排查并全面清理违法违规建设项目。建立环保部门与公安、法院、检察院、监察机关联席会议制度,实行案件移送、联合调查、案情通报、信息共享。邀请公民、法人和其他组织参与监督环境执法,实现执法全过程公开。
Illegal activities detrimental to the environment are punished. Xinjiang has strengthened environmental protection responsibilities for government and enterprises, and strengthened the investigation and punishment of those responsible for illegal activities detrimental to the environment. It has conducted thorough investigations into and comprehensive clean-up of construction projects violating relevant laws and rules. It has established a joint meeting system between environmental protection departments and police, courts, procuratorates, and supervisory departments for joint investigation, case briefing, case transfer, and information sharing. It has also invited citizens, legal persons and other organizations to participate in supervision in relation to environmental law enforcement, making public the whole process of law enforcement.
(编辑:xueqi)