猛刷CATTI复习攻略│文化背景知识学习（一）
文化背景知识(cultural background knowledge)就是英语学习材料所涉及的社会文化因素以及情景因素。文化背景知识可以分为记忆性背景知识和分析性背景知识。记忆性背景知识指关于某种语言文化的事实性信息，例如:历史、地理、环境、文化遗产、文学作品、传统意识、宗教信仰等;分析性背景知识就要求学生具备有对比英语国家和本国文化差异的能力，对英语国家公民的思维方式、价值观念和审美倾向等做出初步的分析和对比。
思维方式的转变和思辨能力的形成不是一两天就能快速完成的。小编陪着大家先从记忆性的背景知识开始学习，逐步转化思维。今天就先拿能源、汽车和信息产业小试牛刀吧~
能源工业
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为了使经济发展摆脱能源供给不足的束缚，中国正在针对不同地域特点加快开发风能、太阳能、地热和潮汐能等新型能源。中国的风能资源丰富，具有规模化发展的潜力。
To relieve the shortage of energy supplies that fetters China's economic growth, China is developing new energy resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, and tidal power. Its abundant wind energy resources give China the potential for mass-produced wind power.
根据政府提出的风电发展目标，全国风电装机容量将以年增 100 多万千瓦的速度，到 2020年达到 2000 万千瓦的装机容量。在风能资源相对丰富的北部地区，风电产业已成为海内外资本竞相追逐的热点。
According to government targets, the national installed capacity of windgenerators is to increase by one million kw every year, reaching 20 million kw by 2020. Given northern China's rich wind energy resources, its wind power industry has attracted domestic and overseas investment.
在平均日辐射量超过三千千瓦小时的西部地区，太阳能的利用已具相当规模。在甘肃省榆中县，亚洲最大的太阳能采暖与降温技术示范基地已成为发展中国家太阳能应用技术培训中心。
In western China, with a radiation flux of three thousand kwh per day, solar energy has been widely utilized. Asia's largest demonstration base for solar heating and cooling technologies in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, has become the training center of applied solar technologies for developing countries.
机械和汽车工业
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中国机械工业可向各行业提供高水平的大型成套设备，中国机械及运输设备已成为外贸出口的支柱产品。 2004 年，中国机械及运输设备出口额达 2683 亿美元，比上年增长 42.8％，比一般贸易出口增长幅度高 9 个百分点。
China's machinery manufacturing industry can provide complete sets of large advanced equipment. In 2004, exports of machinery and transportation equipment (mainstay and leading performer in China's export trade since 1996) reached US$ 268.3 billion, 42.8 percent more than in 2003, a growth rate of 9 percentage points higher than that of exports overall.
二十世纪九十年代，汽车工业作为国家支柱产业之一得到稳步发展， 2004 年，全国汽车产销双双突破 500 万辆，其中轿车生产 231.4 万辆，销售 232.7 万辆。汽车这个中国居民家庭拥有率最低的高档耐用消费品，现已发展成为零售增长速度最快的商品。
In the 1990s, the automobile industry developed steadily as a key sector. In 2004, output and sales volume of automobiles each surpassed five million, of which 2.314 million being sedans, and 2.327 million were sold. Automobiles, the high-class consumer durable with the lowest rate of ownership, now show the fastest retail growth rate of any commodity in China.
信息产业
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截至 2004 年底，中国的国际出口带宽达到 74429 兆， W W W 站点总数 67 万个， CN 下注册域名 43 万个，上网计算机 4160 万台，网民 9400 万人，居世界第二位。在互联网服务业务方面，网络教育、网上银行、在线交易、网络广告、网络新闻、网上视频服务、收费邮件服务、 IP电话、短信服务、网上人才服务、网络资讯服务、网络游戏等发展迅速。
By the end of 2004, China had boasted 74,429 MB export broadband capacity, 670,000 websites, 430,000 China-coded domain names, 41.6 million computers with Internet access, and 94 million Internet users, ranking second in the world. A host of web-based services have thrived,among them network education, online banking, E-commerce, Internet advertising, news,video, and charged postal services, Internet Protocol (IP) telephone, SMS text-messaging,online recruitment, information services and games.
信息产业已成为中国工业的第一支柱产业。 2004 年，信息产业增加值完成 9500 亿元，产业规模为全球第三位。中国电子及通信设备制造业的产值、销售额、盈利状况均超过传统行业，居各行业之首，对国民经济增长的贡献也最大。
The information industry has become China'seconomic mainstay. In 2004, the added value of China's information industry, the world's third largest, stood at 950 billion yuan. Output value, sales and profits of electronic and telecoms manufacturing all outstripped those of traditional industries, making the greatest contribution to national economic growth.
邮电通信业是信息产业的重要组成部分，经过几十年的建设与发展，现已初步建成以首都北京和主要城市为中心的，连接广大城乡、星罗棋布、四通八达的全国邮政通信网。
Posts and telecommunications are important elements of the information industry. After decades of construction and development, a national postal network has taken shape, with Beijing and other major cities as the centers, linking all cities and rural areas.
在电信网建设方面，一个覆盖全国，以光缆为主、卫星和数字微波为辅的大容量高速率的基础传输网络已经建成。
As for the construction of the telecommunications network, a basic transmission network featuring large capacity and high speed is now in place. It covers the whole country, with the optical cable as the mainstay, supplemented by satellite and digital microwave systems.
上世纪末，中国就完成了横跨东西南北的“八横八纵”网格型光缆骨干网的建设，连接全部省会、自治区首府城市和 90% 以上的县市；除西藏拉萨市，现在各省会、自治区首府城市均有两条以上的光缆通过。
By 2000 China had completed its "8 Across, 8 Down" optical cable grid, linking the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions and over 90 percent of counties and cities. Every provincial or autonomous regional capital, with the exception of the Tibetan capital Lhasa, is connected by at least two optical cables.
2004 年底，全国电话用户达到 64726 万户，其中固定电话用户 31244 万户，移动电话用户33482 万户，网路规模居世界第二位。
At the end of 2004, China had 647.26 million telephone subscribers, 312.44 million fixed lines and 334.82 million mobile phone subscribers, constituting the world's second-largest telephone network.
全国县以上城市全部开通程控电话交换机，程控化比重达到 99.8% 。长途电话业务电路总数 达 到 870 万 路 ， 全 自 动 电 话 比 重 为 100 ％ 。
All cities above the county level had program-controlled switchboards, and program-controlled telephones made up 99.8 percent of the total. There were 8.7 million circuits, all of them automated, for long-distance business.
中国于 1987 年开办移动通信业务，移动电话网现已覆盖全国所有大中城市以及 2800 多个小城市和县城，并与 150 多个国家和地区实现了移动电话漫游。
China started mobile telecommunication business in 1987 and the mobile network now covers all large and medium-sized cities, and more than 2,800 small cities and county seats. International roaming service exists with over 150 countries and regions all over the world.
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