卞之琳的诗歌翻译与格律论
本文以卞之琳对中闻传统翮译标准的阐释为切人点,分析探讨其在“融古化欧”的基础上倡导的现代诗歌格律论,并用其理论反观、检验其诗耿翮译和创作实践,进而探讨卞之琳的新诗格律论的意义及其对中闻文化吐故纳新的影响,并在翻译与创作的层面上认识继承与发展、借鉴与创新的辩证关系。20世纪初 的新文化运动之后,中国旧体诗被白话新诗所代替。但是,新诗的创建和发展百废待兴,从胡适到闻一多,从卞之琳到屠岸,几代诗人在借鉴与创新的翻译和创造中锲而不舍,孜孜以求,上下探索新诗得以存在、发展的形式。卞之琳以诗人的敏感,认为翻译重在“信”。落实到诗歌翩译则不能不考虑诗之所以为诗的外在和内在的形式。他有机地将继承与借鉴结合在一起,以开放的胸襟积极吸纳西方诗歌的养料,并从古诗词中推陈出新。他从现代汉语的客观规律出发,根据白话汉语的内在节奏,提出了以 “顿”代步,以“顿”建行的新诗格律论,即用两三个音节为一顿,每行不超过五顿,韵脚整齐匀称,进而做到“随心所欲不逾矩”。他认为十四行诗的结构最能配合思路的起承转合,能表达圆融而回坏往复的情调,与中国旧诗体的律绝相似;因此,在将这种主张付诸于十四行诗的翮译和创作中,他取得了可喜的成就, 为后来人铺平了道路。卞之琳的诗歌翩译与格律论在“化古”“化欧”的意义上为中国文化的更新和发展提供了极大的启示。
From Bian Zhilin's interpretation of the standard of translation in the Chinese tradition, this article analyzes his the-ory of versification based on the blending of the classical Chinese and modem European poetics, and probes into the importance of his theory and its significance in the reconstructing of the Chinese culture so as lo better appreciate the dialectical relationship between inheriting and development, borrowing and originating in terms of translation and creation. The establishment and develop-ment of vernacular new poetry is a field after Neo-cultural Movement at the beginning of the 20th century so that genera-tions of poets have been strenuously searching and exploring the form for it. With his sensitivity as a poet, Bian Zhilin holds that faithfulness plays an essential part in translation, and in translating poetry the internal and external forms of the poetry must be taken into consideration. So he combines the traditional with the modern, absorbing the essence in the western poetry and crea-ting some new forms not without connection with the tradition. In the light of the rules and regulations of the modern Chinese and its internal rhythm, he advances the theory of rhythm based on “pause” namely, using pauses each of which consists of two to three syllables to make a line of no more than five pauses with neat and clean rhymes. He believes that among all sorts of western poetry sonnet is the only one that best resembles the circular way of classical Chinese poetry with its well-knit form, thus by applying his theory lo the practice of sonnet translation and creation, he has accomplished monumental achievements. With his special way in “transforming the classical and the European”. Bian Zhilin's poetry translation and his theory of versification has shed light on the renewal and development of the Chinese culture.
(编辑:织言)