双语：最能代表中国的八种花
花是春天的使者，是美的化身。随着春寒渐渐退去，很快我们将迎来鲜花绽放的时节。以下是八种最能代表中国的花，看看你都认识吗？怎么用英文介绍它们呢？
Plum blossom 梅花
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In Mao Zedong's poem Ode to Plum Blossom, he described the flower like this: "Fair and beautiful. Not craving for spring for her own, only to tell the coming of the season. When all flowers bloom in full, she smiles among them. "
毛泽东的《咏梅》一诗中写道：“风雨送春归，飞雪迎春到。已是悬崖百丈冰，犹有花枝俏。俏也不争春，只把春来报。待到山花烂漫时，她在丛中笑。”
Mao used the plum blossom as a metaphor to praise great martyrs who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people. In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom stands for noble, unsullied and modest qualities. Along with orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, they are praised as the "Four Men of Noble Character".
毛泽东用梅花来比喻为中国人民英勇牺牲的伟大烈士们。在中国传统文化中，梅花象征高洁和谦逊。梅花和兰花、竹子、菊花并称为“四君子”。
Plum blossom cake is one of the most famous snacks in Nanjing, Suzhou and Wuxi. Made in the shape of plum blossom, the cake is made of sticky rice, jam, nuts and red bean paste.
梅花糕是南京、苏州、无锡一代最有名的小吃，用糯米、果酱、坚果、红豆沙制成梅花形状的糕点。
毛泽东的《咏梅》一诗中写道：“风雨送春归，飞雪迎春到。已是悬崖百丈冰，犹有花枝俏。俏也不争春，只把春来报。待到山花烂漫时，她在丛中笑。”
Mao used the plum blossom as a metaphor to praise great martyrs who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people. In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom stands for noble, unsullied and modest qualities. Along with orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, they are praised as the "Four Men of Noble Character".
毛泽东用梅花来比喻为中国人民英勇牺牲的伟大烈士们。在中国传统文化中，梅花象征高洁和谦逊。梅花和兰花、竹子、菊花并称为“四君子”。
Plum blossom cake is one of the most famous snacks in Nanjing, Suzhou and Wuxi. Made in the shape of plum blossom, the cake is made of sticky rice, jam, nuts and red bean paste.
梅花糕是南京、苏州、无锡一代最有名的小吃，用糯米、果酱、坚果、红豆沙制成梅花形状的糕点。
Peony 牡丹花
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The great Chinese poet Li Bai, from the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), once compared concubine Yang Yuhuan's beautiful face to blooming peonies in his famous poem Qing Ping Diao. "Floating clouds remind me of her clothes, and peonies her face," he wrote.
唐朝伟大诗人李白曾在《清平调》中把杨玉环的绝色容颜比作盛放的牡丹花：“云想衣裳花想容”。
Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and richness in traditional Chinese culture. Thus, it became very popular during the Tang Dynasty, a period of time when Chinese people preferred magnificent and glorious things, such as fat and strong horses and large flowers. In the late Qing Dynasty, the peony was chosen as the national flower.
五月盛开的牡丹花大色艳，寓意富贵荣华。自唐代以来，世人甚爱牡丹。晚清时期牡丹被确立为国花。
In many New Year pictures, fairy children always hold peonies that bear people's wishes for an auspicious and rich new year. Dried peony petals can also be added in tea and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate pain caused by menstruation.
年画中经常描绘仙童手捧牡丹，代表着人们吉祥富贵的新年愿望。牡丹干花被加入茶和中药中，可缓解痛经。
唐朝伟大诗人李白曾在《清平调》中把杨玉环的绝色容颜比作盛放的牡丹花：“云想衣裳花想容”。
Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and richness in traditional Chinese culture. Thus, it became very popular during the Tang Dynasty, a period of time when Chinese people preferred magnificent and glorious things, such as fat and strong horses and large flowers. In the late Qing Dynasty, the peony was chosen as the national flower.
五月盛开的牡丹花大色艳，寓意富贵荣华。自唐代以来，世人甚爱牡丹。晚清时期牡丹被确立为国花。
In many New Year pictures, fairy children always hold peonies that bear people's wishes for an auspicious and rich new year. Dried peony petals can also be added in tea and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate pain caused by menstruation.
年画中经常描绘仙童手捧牡丹，代表着人们吉祥富贵的新年愿望。牡丹干花被加入茶和中药中，可缓解痛经。
Chrysanthemum 菊花
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This flower is often associated with famous poet Tao Yuanming from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 317-420). In his poem Drinking Wine, Tao wrote: "While picking up chrysanthemums beneath the eastern fence, my gaze was leisurely upon the southern mountains". Tao was a recluse who enjoyed the beauty of nature and a simple life. The chrysanthemums he referenced came to symbolize humility, rather than seeking fame and wealth.
提到菊花，人们就会想起东晋著名诗人陶渊明。在《饮酒》一诗中他写道“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。陶渊明是一位喜欢大自然和简朴生活的隐士，他笔下的菊花代表着谦卑，而不是追名逐利。
With its unsophisticated beauty, chrysanthemum is also a symbol of longevity in Chinese myths and literature. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, chrysanthemum tea can relieve internal heat and fever. Pillows made of dried chrysanthemum are also good for people's eyes.
菊花素雅坚贞，在中国神话故事和文学作品中也是长寿的象征。根据中国传统医药的理论，菊花茶可清火，菊花枕可明目。
提到菊花，人们就会想起东晋著名诗人陶渊明。在《饮酒》一诗中他写道“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。陶渊明是一位喜欢大自然和简朴生活的隐士，他笔下的菊花代表着谦卑，而不是追名逐利。
With its unsophisticated beauty, chrysanthemum is also a symbol of longevity in Chinese myths and literature. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, chrysanthemum tea can relieve internal heat and fever. Pillows made of dried chrysanthemum are also good for people's eyes.
菊花素雅坚贞，在中国神话故事和文学作品中也是长寿的象征。根据中国传统医药的理论，菊花茶可清火，菊花枕可明目。
Chinese rose 月季
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Bearing a strong resemblance to other roses, yet with fewer thorns and larger petals, the plant originates from China, hence the name "Chinese rose".
月季花外观和玫瑰极为相似，只不过刺更少花瓣更大，因为原产于中国，所以英文名是Chinese rose（中国玫瑰）。
"Bloom or fade, the flower never cares about arrival of spring; Best peonies only appear in late spring and early summer, yet Chinese roses enjoy the four seasons with unceasing beauty," poet Su Shi from the Song Dynasties ( 960-1279) described the flower in his poem.
苏轼曾在诗中写道：“花落花开不间断，春来春去不相关。牡丹最贵为春晚，芍药虽繁只夏初。惟有此花开不厌，一年长占四时春。”
Chinese people started to grow the rose about 2,000 years ago. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD 220), Chinese roses were widely grown in royal gardens. And in the Tang Dynasty, the flowers found their way into most regions along the Yangtze River. Apart from being extracted to make perfume, the roots, leaves and flowers of Chinese roses are used in traditional Chinese medicine to cure menstruation disorders.
国人早在2000年前就开始种植月季，汉朝时就已在宫廷花园中大量栽培，唐朝时更为普遍，广泛分布在长江流域地区。除了用来制成香水，月季的根、叶和花瓣都可入药，用来调节月经。
月季花外观和玫瑰极为相似，只不过刺更少花瓣更大，因为原产于中国，所以英文名是Chinese rose（中国玫瑰）。
"Bloom or fade, the flower never cares about arrival of spring; Best peonies only appear in late spring and early summer, yet Chinese roses enjoy the four seasons with unceasing beauty," poet Su Shi from the Song Dynasties ( 960-1279) described the flower in his poem.
苏轼曾在诗中写道：“花落花开不间断，春来春去不相关。牡丹最贵为春晚，芍药虽繁只夏初。惟有此花开不厌，一年长占四时春。”
Chinese people started to grow the rose about 2,000 years ago. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD 220), Chinese roses were widely grown in royal gardens. And in the Tang Dynasty, the flowers found their way into most regions along the Yangtze River. Apart from being extracted to make perfume, the roots, leaves and flowers of Chinese roses are used in traditional Chinese medicine to cure menstruation disorders.
国人早在2000年前就开始种植月季，汉朝时就已在宫廷花园中大量栽培，唐朝时更为普遍，广泛分布在长江流域地区。除了用来制成香水，月季的根、叶和花瓣都可入药，用来调节月经。
Azalea 杜鹃花
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Often appearing in old Chinese poems and stories, azalea, or du juan, is the favorite flower of poet Bai Juyi from the Tang Dynasty. "Once grown on hills, now blooming in gardens…send a message to God and let azalea be the king of flowers," Bai wrote in his poem Azalea Twelve Tunes.
杜鹃花经常出现在中国古诗词中，是唐朝诗人白居易最爱的花。他曾写道：“本是山头物，今为砌下芳。千丛相向背，万朵互低昂。”
In Chinese mytholgy, a melancholy bird named Du Juan bleated day and night until it spat blood, which painted all the flowers on the hill red. The flowers were named after the miserable bird.
The whole plant can be used in traditional Chinese medicine and can help to cure kidney illness and deafness.
中国曾有杜鹃啼血的神话，传说杜鹃鸟昼夜悲鸣，啼至血出乃止，杜鹃花就是被杜鹃鸟的鲜血染红的，因此而得名。杜鹃花入药可治疗肾虚耳聋。
杜鹃花经常出现在中国古诗词中，是唐朝诗人白居易最爱的花。他曾写道：“本是山头物，今为砌下芳。千丛相向背，万朵互低昂。”
In Chinese mytholgy, a melancholy bird named Du Juan bleated day and night until it spat blood, which painted all the flowers on the hill red. The flowers were named after the miserable bird.
The whole plant can be used in traditional Chinese medicine and can help to cure kidney illness and deafness.
中国曾有杜鹃啼血的神话，传说杜鹃鸟昼夜悲鸣，啼至血出乃止，杜鹃花就是被杜鹃鸟的鲜血染红的，因此而得名。杜鹃花入药可治疗肾虚耳聋。
Lotus 荷花
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Lotus flower is an important symbol of pureness in Buddhism, and also traditional Chinese culture. A Song Dynasty scholar, Zhou Dunyi, praised lotus as "unsullied from silt where it comes from, retains demure despite being cleaned by water" in his prose Ai Lian Shuo.
荷花又名莲花、芙蓉，在佛教和中国传统文化中是纯洁的象征。宋代学者周敦颐在散文《爱莲说》中是这样称赞荷花的：“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。”
In ancient Chinese literature, the lotus is often connected with women's noble and pure personality. In the Chinese classic The Dream of the Red Chamber, Qing Wen, an honest and upright maid of protagonist Jia Baoyu, becomes a lotus fairy after passing away.
在中国古代文学中，荷花也寓意着女子的高洁人格。《红楼梦》中晴雯死后托梦说自己变成了“芙蓉仙子”。
The flower, along with its leaves, seeds and roots have being widely used in both Chinese cuisine and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.
数千年来，荷花、荷叶、莲子和莲藕都在中国的饮食和中药中广泛使用。
荷花又名莲花、芙蓉，在佛教和中国传统文化中是纯洁的象征。宋代学者周敦颐在散文《爱莲说》中是这样称赞荷花的：“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。”
In ancient Chinese literature, the lotus is often connected with women's noble and pure personality. In the Chinese classic The Dream of the Red Chamber, Qing Wen, an honest and upright maid of protagonist Jia Baoyu, becomes a lotus fairy after passing away.
在中国古代文学中，荷花也寓意着女子的高洁人格。《红楼梦》中晴雯死后托梦说自己变成了“芙蓉仙子”。
The flower, along with its leaves, seeds and roots have being widely used in both Chinese cuisine and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.
数千年来，荷花、荷叶、莲子和莲藕都在中国的饮食和中药中广泛使用。
Sweet-scented osmanthus 桂花
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In her poem, Li Qingzhao from the Song Dynasty, described osmanthus as "light yellow, with a delicate figure, that only leaves fragrance behind; No need for bright greens and reds, the osmanthus is a flower destined to shine."
宋代女词人李清照曾在诗中这样描写桂花：“暗淡轻黄体性柔。情疏迹远只香留。何须浅碧深红色，自是花中第一流。”
Planting sweet-scented osmanthus in China has a history of more than 2,500 years. Often blooming in August, the plant is also connected with Mid-Autumn Festival due to the fairy tale about a man named Wu Gang. Wu is ordered to cut down a large and strong osmanthus tree on the moon every day, yet the charmed tree never falls and has fragrant flowers each autumn. Wu is only allowed to have a rest for Mid-Autumn Festival.
桂花在中国有2500多年的栽培历史。桂花通常在八月盛开，还有一个和中秋节相关的典故：传说吴刚因遭天帝惩罚到月宫砍伐桂树，其树随砍随合，以这种永无休止的劳动作为对吴刚的惩罚，只有在中秋节这一天吴刚才能休息。
The little yellow flowers are often added to porridge, cakes and tea to enhance the taste. In Guangxi province where many osmanthus trees are planted, the perfume produced by the flowers has become an important local specialty.
这种香气扑鼻的小黄花可加入粥、糕点和茶中提升口感。在桂花树比较普遍的广西省，桂花香水已成为当地的重要特产。
宋代女词人李清照曾在诗中这样描写桂花：“暗淡轻黄体性柔。情疏迹远只香留。何须浅碧深红色，自是花中第一流。”
Planting sweet-scented osmanthus in China has a history of more than 2,500 years. Often blooming in August, the plant is also connected with Mid-Autumn Festival due to the fairy tale about a man named Wu Gang. Wu is ordered to cut down a large and strong osmanthus tree on the moon every day, yet the charmed tree never falls and has fragrant flowers each autumn. Wu is only allowed to have a rest for Mid-Autumn Festival.
桂花在中国有2500多年的栽培历史。桂花通常在八月盛开，还有一个和中秋节相关的典故：传说吴刚因遭天帝惩罚到月宫砍伐桂树，其树随砍随合，以这种永无休止的劳动作为对吴刚的惩罚，只有在中秋节这一天吴刚才能休息。
The little yellow flowers are often added to porridge, cakes and tea to enhance the taste. In Guangxi province where many osmanthus trees are planted, the perfume produced by the flowers has become an important local specialty.
这种香气扑鼻的小黄花可加入粥、糕点和茶中提升口感。在桂花树比较普遍的广西省，桂花香水已成为当地的重要特产。
Orchid 兰花
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As one of the "Four Men of Noble Character" in Chinese culture, the orchid is better known for its delicate fragrance. And its Chinese character "lan" has being widely used in women's names for thousands of years.
作为“四君子”之一的兰花以芬芳的香气闻名。数千年来，“兰”字被广泛用在女性的名字中。
Ancient Chinese called eternal friendship "lan jiao", or companionship as nobel as the orchid, and beautiful prose and poems "lan zhang", or words as graceful as the orchid. People started to grow the flower in China about 2,000 years ago. After the Wei and Jin dynasties (AD 220- 420), orchids were mainly used to decorate gardens.
知心好友被称为“兰交”，优美的散文和诗歌被称为“兰章”。早在两千年前中国人就开始种植兰花。魏晋朝之后，兰花主要用来装点花园。
作为“四君子”之一的兰花以芬芳的香气闻名。数千年来，“兰”字被广泛用在女性的名字中。
Ancient Chinese called eternal friendship "lan jiao", or companionship as nobel as the orchid, and beautiful prose and poems "lan zhang", or words as graceful as the orchid. People started to grow the flower in China about 2,000 years ago. After the Wei and Jin dynasties (AD 220- 420), orchids were mainly used to decorate gardens.
知心好友被称为“兰交”，优美的散文和诗歌被称为“兰章”。早在两千年前中国人就开始种植兰花。魏晋朝之后，兰花主要用来装点花园。
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