元宵节诗词英译赏析：《青玉案·元夕》
.jpg)
元宵佳节，怎能不说一说古代诗词！
辛弃疾的《青玉案·元夕》一词脍炙人口，英文翻译有很多，最著名的非许渊冲老先生翻译的版本莫属了。许渊冲，“诗译英法唯一人” ，北京大学教授，翻译家。在国内外出版中、英、法文著译六十本，包括《诗经》、《楚辞》、《李白诗选》、《西厢记》、《红与黑》、《包法利夫人》、《追忆似水年华》等中外名著，是有史以来将中国历代诗词译成英、法韵文的唯一专家。1999年被提名为诺贝尔文学奖候选人。
青玉案·元夕
（宋）辛弃疾
东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。
宝马雕车香满路，凤萧声动，壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞 。
蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。
众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。
（宋）辛弃疾
东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。
宝马雕车香满路，凤萧声动，壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞 。
蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。
众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，灯火阑珊处。
.jpg)
“上元”，“元夕”，指的都是“元宵节”。辛弃疾的这首《青玉案》，描绘了在元夕灯火中等寻情人的情景，是稼轩词中为数很少的涉及爱情的作品之一。
辛弃疾的《青玉案·元夕》一词脍炙人口。英文翻译有很多。我们选出三个相对优秀的英译版本，简单地评论一下，看看是否能找出其中最好的一篇。
1. 许渊冲、许明译，简称许译
.jpg)
The Lantern Festival Night — to the tune of Green Jade Table
by Xin Qiji
One night's east wind adorns a thousand trees with flowers
And blows down stars in showers.
Fine steeds and carved cabs spread fragrance en route;
Music vibrates from the flute;
The moon sheds its full light
While fish and dragon lanterns dance all night.
In gold-thread dress, with moth or willow ornaments,
Giggling, she melts into the throng with trails of scents
But in the crowd once and again
I look for her in vain.
When all at once I turn my head,
I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed.
by Xin Qiji
One night's east wind adorns a thousand trees with flowers
And blows down stars in showers.
Fine steeds and carved cabs spread fragrance en route;
Music vibrates from the flute;
The moon sheds its full light
While fish and dragon lanterns dance all night.
In gold-thread dress, with moth or willow ornaments,
Giggling, she melts into the throng with trails of scents
But in the crowd once and again
I look for her in vain.
When all at once I turn my head,
I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed.
2. 译者U君，简称U译
.jpg)
The Lantern Festival Night — to the tune of Green Jade Table
by Xin Qiji
by Xin Qiji
The east wind at night has flowered a thousand trees,
Bringing showers of glowing stars down streets,
Fleeting our scented chariots and stately steeds.
Phoenix-cooing flutes resounding,
Jade-pot-flashing lanterns revolving,
Dolphins and dragons are dancing away —
All night long it's bright as day.
See the grain moths silvern, the tassels golden?
See the snow-clad willow twigs of the maidens
Passing with laughter gurgling, fragrance floating?
Far and near, among the crowds surging,
Tens of thousands of rounds for one I've been searching;
Only on a glance cast backward do I behold:
There she is, where lights are burning so low!
3. 温哥华陶先生译，简称陶译
.jpg)
The Lantern Festival Night — to the tune of Green Jade Table
by Xin Qiji
Night lights a thousand trees in bloom
A shower of stars blown
By the east wind
Ornate carriages drawn by gallant horses
Filled the boulevards with a sweet fragrance
Voice of the magic flute flowing
Luster of the jade white urn turning
All night the fishes and the dragons danced
Butterflies, willows, charms of gold
Gone — that angelic laughter, that subtle perfume
In the crowds for her I'd searched a thousand times
Perchance I turned
And there she was
Where lights were few and dim
by Xin Qiji
Night lights a thousand trees in bloom
A shower of stars blown
By the east wind
Ornate carriages drawn by gallant horses
Filled the boulevards with a sweet fragrance
Voice of the magic flute flowing
Luster of the jade white urn turning
All night the fishes and the dragons danced
Butterflies, willows, charms of gold
Gone — that angelic laughter, that subtle perfume
In the crowds for her I'd searched a thousand times
Perchance I turned
And there she was
Where lights were few and dim
三篇译文，都比其它译文简洁，流畅，有诗意，而且比较忠实于辛公原作。音韵上，三篇中许译和U译都押韵，念起来很有音乐感。陶译基本上不押韵，念起来比较平淡。
雕车
文字上，各有千秋。例如雕车一词，许译直接用雕车（carved cabs），U译用香车（scented chariots），陶译用华车，装饰华丽的车（ornate carriages） 。这一词，许译比较忠实于原来文字。宝马的马字，许译和U译用英语诗中常用的马字（steeds），比较好。而陶译则用普通的马字（horses）。
凤箫
凤箫一词，U译用（ Phoenix-cooing flutes）最好，有凤之形和凤之声。Cooing 是鸟类的鸪鸪声，也可以是人类的喁喁情话。想像一下，凤箫声动，发出如鸟鸣，如情话之声，多么美。许译只简单地用箫（flute）一字，没有译凤字。陶译则用神奇的箫（magic flute）代替,也没有用凤字。
玉壶一词，U译和陶译都是译成玉壶 （jade pot, jade urn）。比较符合原作之意。许译成月亮，虽然有此一说，但是与原作之意不甚贴切。因为据周密《武林旧事。元夕》：“灯之品极多，。。福州所进，则纯用白玉，晃耀夺目，如清水玉壶。。。”。所以玉壶应该就是白玉雕饰的灯。
暗香
暗香一词，U译成浮香（fragrance floating），说出香的形态而没有说是微淡的香。陶译成幽香（subtle perfume）, 许译成缕香（trials of scents）都很好。但是，如果根据林和靖咏梅诗：“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏。”则暗香的形态可以是浮动的。因此，如果U译加一字，改成暗香浮动（faint fragrance floating），就贴切了。
“暗香去”的去字
“暗香去”的去字，U译和陶译用过去（passing, gone）不及许译用融入（melts into）好。
蓦然
“蓦然回首”一词中的蓦然，陶译比较简单，只用偶然（perchance ）一字， U译用匆匆一瞥（only on a glance），两者都未能表达出蓦然一词中有突然的意思。许译成突然（when all at once）, 最贴切了。
由上可见，诗词的英文翻译要做到简洁，流畅，有韵律，有诗意，贴切，忠实于原作，并不容易。
下面两首诗词也是广为传诵的元宵节诗词，供伙伴们闲来一读。
.jpg)
元夕 苏味道
火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。
暗尘随马去，明月逐人来。
游妓皆秾李，行歌尽落梅。
金吾不禁夜，玉漏莫相催。
The Lantern Festival Night
by Su Weidao
The light is brightly, tonight the no-go area is opening.
The horse gallop that stirred up the dust,the moon seemed to follow the people.
The young singing girls look more beautiful, they walk and sing songs.
The capital guards does not work tonight, the drum will not urge the people back home.
.jpg)
生查子·元夕 欧阳修
去年元夜时，花市灯如昼。
月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。
今年元夜时，月与灯依旧。
不见去年人，泪湿春衫袖。
At Lantern Festival — Tune: Song of Hawthorn
by Ouyang Xiu
In the Lantern Festival night of last year,
The flowers market was bright as daylight.
When the moon hung behind the willows,
Young people went out on dates under them.
In the Lantern Festival night of this year's,
The moon and the lanterns were the same.
But I could not find last year's date of mine,
My sleeves of festival dress are wet with tears.
火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。
暗尘随马去，明月逐人来。
游妓皆秾李，行歌尽落梅。
金吾不禁夜，玉漏莫相催。
The Lantern Festival Night
by Su Weidao
The light is brightly, tonight the no-go area is opening.
The horse gallop that stirred up the dust,the moon seemed to follow the people.
The young singing girls look more beautiful, they walk and sing songs.
The capital guards does not work tonight, the drum will not urge the people back home.
生查子·元夕 欧阳修
去年元夜时，花市灯如昼。
月上柳梢头，人约黄昏后。
今年元夜时，月与灯依旧。
不见去年人，泪湿春衫袖。
At Lantern Festival — Tune: Song of Hawthorn
by Ouyang Xiu
In the Lantern Festival night of last year,
The flowers market was bright as daylight.
When the moon hung behind the willows,
Young people went out on dates under them.
In the Lantern Festival night of this year's,
The moon and the lanterns were the same.
But I could not find last year's date of mine,
My sleeves of festival dress are wet with tears.
（编辑:xueqi）
京公网安备11010802022018号