双语：博科娃总干事2017年缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日致辞
Message from Ms. Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the Occasion of International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
联合国教科文组织总干事伊琳娜•博科娃“缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日”致辞
27 January 2017
2017年1月27日
联合国教科文组织总干事伊琳娜•博科娃“缅怀大屠杀受难者国际纪念日”致辞
27 January 2017
2017年1月27日
The date 27 January commemorates the day in 1945 that the Soviet army discovered the horror of the Nazi German concentration and extermination camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Over 1.1 million people were murdered in this vast killing machine, almost one million of them Jewish. Nazi Germany also persecuted and slaughtered millions of other people for their race, politics or sexual orientation. The site of Auschwitz-Birkenau, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979, is a symbol of “man’s inhumanity to man”, and the enduring proof of crimes committed out of racist and anti-Semitic hatred.
1 月 27 日，我们纪念苏军于1945年的这一天发现灭绝人性的奥斯威辛-比克瑙纳粹德国集中营和灭绝营。这台巨大的死亡机器绞杀了一百一十万多人，其中近一百万是犹太人。出于种族、政治或性取向等方面的原因，纳粹德国还 另外迫害并屠杀了数百万人。自1979 年列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录以来，奥斯威辛—比克瑙遗址已经成为人类残杀同类的象征，成为种族主义和反犹主义仇恨所犯罪行不可磨灭的证据。
Anti-Semitism can change its face, from religious to social, racial and political, but is still the same hatred that wounds and kills. That is why remembering the crimes of the Nazi regime and its collaborators must be an active memory, so that we can understand the mechanisms of exclusion, recognize where violence leads when it is met with indifference, denial or oblivion, and prevent mass crimes from happening again. History also gives us a better grasp of the specific nature of this hatred here and now, including when it hides behind the hateful and systematic criticism of Israel. The fight against all forms of anti-Semitism, racism and intolerance is the foundation of respect for the rights of all.
反犹主义在宗教、社会、种族和政治之间变换着面孔，但都是出自引发伤害和杀戮的同一种仇恨。正因如此，对纳粹政权及其同伙所犯罪行的记忆，应该是一种主动记忆行为。记住历史，有助于我们理解排斥的作用机制，了解到暴力如遭遇冷漠、拒绝或遗忘会横行无阻，并防止大规模犯罪再次发生。记住历史，也会帮助我们更好地把握这种仇恨在当下的特定表现形式，例如隐藏在针对以色列的一贯恶意指责后面的那种仇恨。反对各种形式的反犹主义、种族主义和不容忍，是尊重每个人的权利的基础。
That human beings were deemed “superfluous” and killed because they were born Jewish is a universal crime that touches all of humanity, beyond differences of religion, opinion or origin. In the violence unleashed today on civilian populations in many parts of the world, in the hate speech prevalent on social media, it is not hard to detect the echo of these totalitarian ideologies.
只因生为犹太人，就被视为“多余的人”，就遭到屠杀，这是超出宗教、政见及出身差别、波及到人类整体的一种普遍性罪行。目前在世界许多地方肆虐的针对平民的暴力行为，以及在社交媒体上泛滥的仇恨言论，明显具有这种极权主义印记。
In response, UNESCO is convinced of the power of knowledge, information and education to act as a bulwark against anti-Semitism, Holocaust denial and all forms of racism. The better we know our own history and that of others, the stronger the bonds we forge with humanity. The transmission of history encourages solidarity and shapes a humanity that is more united, fairer and more peaceful. In this respect, heritage sites, museums, documents and the vestiges of the past play a crucial role in education, and can help all citizens, of any age, to denounce the falsehoods and lies of those who would exploit ignorance, fear and hatred of the other. UNESCO commits itself every day to teaching the history of the Holocaust and other genocides, alongside students, teachers and education policy-makers in every region of the world. This aspiration to global citizenship lies at the heart of the United Nations’ work, and I call once more on Member States to include the history of the Holocaust and other genocides and crimes against humanity in their curricula, as an introduction to tolerance and peace.
有鉴于此，联合国教科文组织深信，知识、信息和教育是与反犹主义、否认大屠杀倾向和各种形式的种族主义开展斗争的有力屏障。我们越是了解我们的历史和他人的历史，就越是能加强与人类的联系。历史的传承有利于增进团结，它也同时勾画着更为统一、更为公正和更为和平的人类未来。遗产地、博物馆、历史文献和遗迹，因此发挥着根本性的教育作用，并且能帮助每一个公民，不论其年龄大小，去揭露那些利用他人的无知、恐惧和仇恨弄虚作假、编造谎言的行径。联合国教科文组织与学生、教师及教育决策者一道，一贯致力于在世界所有地区传授有关大屠杀及其他种族灭绝事例的历史。培养世界公民意识这一愿景在联合国的各项工作中占据着核心地位，为此我再次呼吁会员国将大屠杀和其他种族灭绝与反人类罪行的历史纳入到其教学计划之中，以唤醒人们的宽容与和平意识。
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