名作为镜：海洋生命 有心无言
【名作为镜】历经坎坷的作家往往更关注现实与民生，饱尝艰辛的翻译家通常也更能体味字里行间的这份心意。这样的文学译作，值得我们一次次地重新翻开，在珠联璧合的言语中，审视自我，洞察社会，选择人生。
本期主题：海洋生命 有心无言
人在海上，身不由己。三部作品，一位打渔人，一个捕鲸者，一名普通水手。不同的身份让他们对海洋生物抱有不同的态度。然而，在某个时候，这些强弱有别，习性各异的生命却会触动人们心底的一些东西。万物生而平等，他们的生命可以和我们的同样厚重。如果只是为了生存，而不是因为贪婪，人类到底应该怎样对待这些同样有尊严有感情的生命呢？
老人与海 本是同根生
（节选自《老人与海》 [ 美 ] 厄内斯特•海明威 著 [ 中 ] 吴劳 译）
He was sorry for them all, even the great trunk backs that were as long as the skiff and weighed a ton. Most people are heartless about turtles because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut up and butchered.
他替所有的海龟伤心，甚至包括那些跟小船一样长、重达一吨的大梭龟。人们大都对海龟残酷无情，因为一只海龟给剖开、杀死之后，它的心脏还要跳动好几个钟点。
But the old man thought, I have such a heart too and my feet and hands are like theirs.
然而老人想，我也有这样一颗心脏，我的手脚也跟它们的一样。
I must never let him learn his strength nor what he could do if he made his run. If I were him I would put in everything now and go until something broke. But, thank God, they are not as intelligent as we who kill them; although they are more noble and more able.
我一定不能让它明白它有多大的力气，明白如果飞逃的话，它能干出什么来。我要是它，我眼下就要使出浑身的力气，一直飞逃到什么东西绷断为止。但是感谢上帝它们没有我们这些要杀害它们的人聪明，尽管它们比我们高尚，更有能耐。
It was dark now as it becomes dark quickly after the sun sets in September. He lay against the worn wood of the bow and rested all that he could. The first stars were out. He did not know the name of Rigel but he saw it and knew soon they would all be out and he would have all his distant friends.
这时天黑了，因为在九月里，太阳一落，天马上就黑下来。他背靠着船头上给磨损的木板，尽量休息个够。第一批星星露面了，他不知道猎户座左脚那颗星的名字，但是看到了它，就知道其他星星不久都要露面，他又有这些遥远的朋友来做伴了。
"The fish is my friend too," he said aloud. "I have never seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him. I am glad we do not have to try to kill the stars."
"这条鱼也是我的朋友，"他说出声来。"我从没看见过或听说过这样的鱼。不过我必须把它弄死。我很高兴，我们不必去弄死那些星星。"
Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the moon, he thought. The moon runs away. But imagine if a man each day should have to try to kill the sun? We were born lucky, he thought.
想想看，如果人必须每天去弄死月亮，那该多糟，他想。月亮会逃走的。不过想想看，如果人必须每天去弄死太阳，那又怎么样？我们总算生来是幸运的，他想。
Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nothing to eat and his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow for him. How many people will he feed, he thought. But are they worthy to eat him? No, of course not. There is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behaviour and his great dignity.
于是他替这条没东西吃的大鱼感到伤心，但是要杀死它的决心绝对没有因为替它伤心而减弱。它能供多少人吃啊，他想。可是他们配吃它吗？不配，当然不配。凭它的举止风度和它的高度的尊严来看，谁也不配吃它。
I do not understand these things, he thought. But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers.
我不懂这些事儿，他想。可是我们不必去弄死太阳或月亮或星星，这是好事。在海上过日子，弄死我们自己真正的兄弟，已经够我们受的了。
残阳如血 相煎何太急
（节选自《白鲸》 [ 美 ] 赫尔曼•梅尔维尔 著 [ 中 ] 成时 译）
It was far down the afternoon; and when all the spearings of the crimson fight were done; and floating in the lovely sunset sea and sky, sun and whale both stilly died together…
那已是近黄昏了，所有长矛飞舞的血腥战斗都已结束。船飘浮在落日残照下水天一色的可爱的海上，太阳和鲸鱼一同安然死去。……
Soothed again, but only soothed to deeper gloom, Ahab, who had sterned off from the whale, sat intently watching his final wanings from the now tranquil boat. For that strange spectacle observable in all sperm whales dying — the turning sunwards of the head, and so expiring — that strange spectacle, beheld of such a placid evening, somehow to Ahab conveyed a wondrousness unknown before.
埃哈伯心里又受到了一阵抚慰，只是随之而来的却是更深沉的阴暗心情。他让这时已是安安静静的小艇倒退着离开了那头鲸鱼，从艇上眼睁睁看着它咽了最后一口气。所有的抹香鲸死时总是脑袋转向太阳，然后咽气，这是所有抹香鲸死时都可以看到的奇怪景象；可是在一个如此静谧的黄昏目睹这一奇怪景象，不知怎么给予埃哈伯一种从未有过的奇妙的感觉。
Can you catch the expression of the Sperm Whale's there? It is the same he died with, only some of the longer wrinkles in the forehead seem now faded away. I think his broad brow to be full of a prairie-like placidity, born of a speculative indifference as to death.
你可曾把抹香鲸脑袋上的神情看在眼里？那正是它临死时的神情，只是那些脑门子上长长的皱襞有的似乎已在消褪。我感觉到，由于对死亡有如哲人般无所萦怀，它的宽广的额头洋溢着大草原般的静谧。
Whether owing to the almost omniscient look-outs at the mast-heads of the whaleships, now penetrating even through Behring's straits, and into the remotest secret drawers and lockers of the world; and the thousand harpoons and lances darted along all continental coasts; the moot point is, whether Leviathan can long endure so wide a chase, and so remorseless a havoc; whether he must not at last be exterminated from the waters, and the last whale, like the last man, smoke his last pipe, and then himself evaporate in the final puff.
如今捕鲸船帆桅林立，桅顶的瞭望哨随处可见；它们的目光所到之处远至白令海峡，并且深入到天涯海角的各个角落；而成千支镖枪长矛在各大洲的海岸四处飞舞；在这种情形之下，值得深思的问题是：鲸鱼是否经受得住如此无所不至的追猎，如此绝情的摧残；它们是否最终会受到种族灭绝的荼毒而从此在海洋中绝迹；最后一头鲸鱼是否会像最后一个人一样，抽完最后一口烟，然后他自身也随着最后一阵轻烟而消失得无影无踪。
患难相依 万物皆有情
（节选自《海上劳工》 [ 法 ] 维克多•雨果 著 [ 英 ] 威廉•莫伊•托马斯 译 [ 中 ] 罗玉君 译）
By little and little, and day by day, his powers decreased.
一天一天的，一点一点的，他的精力减少下来。
The terrible rocks were consuming his existence.
可怕的礁石正在消耗他的生命。
How to obtain food was a problem; how to get drink was a problem; how to find rest was a problem.
喝是一个问题，吃是一个问题，睡也是一个问题。
He ate when he was fortunate enough to find a crayfish or a crab; he drank when he chanced to see a sea-bird descend upon a point of rock; for on climbing up to the spot he generally found there a hollow with a little fresh water. He drank from it after the bird; sometimes with the bird; for the gulls and seamews had become accustomed to him, and no longer flew away at his approach. Even in his greatest need of food he did not attempt to molest them. He had, as will be remembered, a superstition about birds. The birds on their part — now that his hair was rough and wild and his beard long — had no fear of him. The change in his face gave them confidence; he had lost resemblance to men, and taken the form of the wild beast.
当他幸运地找到一只螯虾或者螃蟹的时候，他吃；当他碰巧看到一只海鸟降落在一个岩石的角上时，他赶快跟着爬上去，那里总可找到一个有一点儿清水的坑窝。他在鸟儿喝够了才去喝，有时候和鸟儿一起喝；因为海鸥和鸬鹚已经和他熟悉，在他面前不再飞走了。即使在他饥渴得发慌的时候，他也不去伤害飞鸟。我们也许还记得，他对于雀鸟有一种感情。在雀鸟那方面，看见他头发蓬松，胡须长乱，也就不害怕他了；面貌的改变使得它们安心；它们感觉到他已经不是一个人而是一头野兽了。
The birds and Gilliatt, in fact, had become good friends. Companions in poverty, they helped each other. As long as he had had any meal, he had crumbled for them some little bits of the cakes he made. In his deeper distress they showed him in their turn the places where he might find the little pools of water.
雀鸟和吉里亚特已经成了好朋友；患难里的好朋友，懂得互助互爱。只要他还有麦面的时候，他分给它们一些麦饼碎片。在这困苦的时候，轮到它们向他指点哪里是有清水的地方。
（编辑:柳敬智）
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