英语中的长难句翻译以及举例讲解
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：
①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；
②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；
③状语从句正确翻译英语句子是英语学习者必须解决的问题。
对于一些结构复杂的难句，我们应当使用技巧使其简单化。一般来说，可以使用顺序法、逆序法、分句法和插入语灵活翻译法。这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
请大家练习翻译下面句子！
1.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.
2.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally瞗riendly fertilizers.
3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early.
4.Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific job data.
5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would provide untold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventually prevent many diseases caused by faulty genes.
7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.
8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying that the agreements will be governed by “general principles of law recognized by civilized nations”-a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world's major legal systems.
9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but the Internet is set to explode exponentially in the indefinite future, with there being literally millions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.
10.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
译文
1.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
2.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
3.面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。
4.在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。
5.但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。
6.他们预计，对人体基因编码的全面认识将给人类带来无法言喻的利益，例如，使人类能够诊断、治疗并最终预防基因缺陷造成的很多疾病。
7.在美国和英国，合同受普通合同法的约束，因此，只能通过将自己的权力写进合同的方式，来保留单方面更改或终止合同的权力。
8.为了使经济开发协议对投资者更具吸引力，有些发展中国家企图提高协议的安全性，规定这些协议受“文明国家公认的总法律原则”的约束，这些原则由世界几个主要法律体系所共有的一套原则和规范组成。
9.而且，不仅从技术上无法审查因特网目前的内容，而且因特网的设立意味着信息内容在未来会以指数激增，每天改变或增加的网络信息内容简直将达几百万条。
10.尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为，最高法院实际上支持了被称为“双重效果”的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为--一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的，如果行为的实施者想要的只是好的效果的话。
①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；
②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；
③状语从句正确翻译英语句子是英语学习者必须解决的问题。
对于一些结构复杂的难句，我们应当使用技巧使其简单化。一般来说，可以使用顺序法、逆序法、分句法和插入语灵活翻译法。这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
请大家练习翻译下面句子！
1.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.
2.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally瞗riendly fertilizers.
3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early.
4.Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific job data.
5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would provide untold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventually prevent many diseases caused by faulty genes.
7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.
8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying that the agreements will be governed by “general principles of law recognized by civilized nations”-a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world's major legal systems.
9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but the Internet is set to explode exponentially in the indefinite future, with there being literally millions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.
10.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
译文
1.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
2.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
3.面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的资料、设想一些问题以及对这些问题的正面回答、早到面试地点。
4.在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。
5.但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。
6.他们预计，对人体基因编码的全面认识将给人类带来无法言喻的利益，例如，使人类能够诊断、治疗并最终预防基因缺陷造成的很多疾病。
7.在美国和英国，合同受普通合同法的约束，因此，只能通过将自己的权力写进合同的方式，来保留单方面更改或终止合同的权力。
8.为了使经济开发协议对投资者更具吸引力，有些发展中国家企图提高协议的安全性，规定这些协议受“文明国家公认的总法律原则”的约束，这些原则由世界几个主要法律体系所共有的一套原则和规范组成。
9.而且，不仅从技术上无法审查因特网目前的内容，而且因特网的设立意味着信息内容在未来会以指数激增，每天改变或增加的网络信息内容简直将达几百万条。
10.尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为，最高法院实际上支持了被称为“双重效果”的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为--一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的，如果行为的实施者想要的只是好的效果的话。
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