翻译技巧——英语翻译Omission省略法
一、单元教学重点
本单元应当把握的两个要点
1.省略法在英汉互译中的运用
2.省略的主要方法技巧
二、教材单元讲解要点
I.Omission in English.Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用
1.Omitting the Pronoun代词的省略
1)He gave her a book and she lent it to her friend.
2)He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
3)For two weeks,he had been studying the house,looking at its rooms,its electric wiring,its path and its garden.
4)They went in to dinner.It was excellent,and the wine was good.Its influence presently had its effect on them.They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.
2.Omitting the Article冠词的省略
由于汉语中不存在冠词,所以有些人认为翻译时遇到冠词便统统应该省略。这种说法是不全面的,因为在很多情况下,英语中的冠词有其特定的含义,不能省略。在哪些情况下不能省略呢?一般来说有两种。
1)不定冠词a,an具有数词one的含义:
·An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
比较:A square has four sides.
2)定冠词the具有指示代词this,that,these,those的含义:
This is the book you wanted.
比较:The lion is a wild animal.
比较:The higher the tree,the stronger the wind.
比较:The Queen of Denmark
The moon was slowly rising above the sea.
Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas.
The direction of a force can be represented by aft arrow.
3.Omitting the Preposition介词省略
1)Smoking is prohibited in public places.
2)The difference between the two machines consists in power.
3)Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.0008
4.Omitting the Conjunction连词的省略
1)He looked gloomy and troubled.
2)If I had known it,1 would not have joined in.
3)Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.
5.Omitting the Verb动词的省略
1)When the pressure gets low.the boiling point becomes low.
2)Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.
For this reason television signals have a short range.
6.Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”非人称代词“It”的省略
1)It is very cold and often snows here in winter.
2)Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
3)It is just six o’clock.
4)It is about two miles from here to the petrol station.
5)It seems that the result of this test will be very important to the oil industry
6)We find it necessary using modern artificial materials for tall buildings.
7)It is required that the amount of waste energy in a machine should be reduced as much as possible
8)The experiment made it clear that the entire body of the monolithic block consists of a continuous uninterrupted array of silicon atoms.
9)This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds.
10)It was not until the middle of the]9th century that the blast furnace came into use.
II.Omission in Chinese-English Translation省略法在汉英翻译中的运用
1.Omitting Redundant Words省略不必要的重复、冗词之类的赘言
1)质子带正电,电子带负电,而中子既不带正电,也不带负电。
2)我已经提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
3)我们说,长征是历史记录上的第一次,长征是宣言书,长征是宣传队,长征是播种机。
4)匪军所至,杀戮人民,奸淫妇女,焚毁村庄,掠夺财物,无所不用其极
2.Omission of Words of Conceptual Category省略概念范畴类词语
1)我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。
2)这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。
3)她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。
3.Omitting Meticulous Description省略过详的细节描述
1)200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌,回旋激荡,水击礁石,浪花飞溅,声如雷鸣。
2)花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝。
本单元应当把握的两个要点
1.省略法在英汉互译中的运用
2.省略的主要方法技巧
二、教材单元讲解要点
I.Omission in English.Chinese Translation省略法在英汉翻译中的运用
1.Omitting the Pronoun代词的省略
1)He gave her a book and she lent it to her friend.
2)He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
3)For two weeks,he had been studying the house,looking at its rooms,its electric wiring,its path and its garden.
4)They went in to dinner.It was excellent,and the wine was good.Its influence presently had its effect on them.They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.
2.Omitting the Article冠词的省略
由于汉语中不存在冠词,所以有些人认为翻译时遇到冠词便统统应该省略。这种说法是不全面的,因为在很多情况下,英语中的冠词有其特定的含义,不能省略。在哪些情况下不能省略呢?一般来说有两种。
1)不定冠词a,an具有数词one的含义:
·An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
比较:A square has four sides.
2)定冠词the具有指示代词this,that,these,those的含义:
This is the book you wanted.
比较:The lion is a wild animal.
比较:The higher the tree,the stronger the wind.
比较:The Queen of Denmark
The moon was slowly rising above the sea.
Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid,or a gas.
The direction of a force can be represented by aft arrow.
3.Omitting the Preposition介词省略
1)Smoking is prohibited in public places.
2)The difference between the two machines consists in power.
3)Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.0008
4.Omitting the Conjunction连词的省略
1)He looked gloomy and troubled.
2)If I had known it,1 would not have joined in.
3)Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.
5.Omitting the Verb动词的省略
1)When the pressure gets low.the boiling point becomes low.
2)Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.
For this reason television signals have a short range.
6.Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”非人称代词“It”的省略
1)It is very cold and often snows here in winter.
2)Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
3)It is just six o’clock.
4)It is about two miles from here to the petrol station.
5)It seems that the result of this test will be very important to the oil industry
6)We find it necessary using modern artificial materials for tall buildings.
7)It is required that the amount of waste energy in a machine should be reduced as much as possible
8)The experiment made it clear that the entire body of the monolithic block consists of a continuous uninterrupted array of silicon atoms.
9)This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds.
10)It was not until the middle of the]9th century that the blast furnace came into use.
II.Omission in Chinese-English Translation省略法在汉英翻译中的运用
1.Omitting Redundant Words省略不必要的重复、冗词之类的赘言
1)质子带正电,电子带负电,而中子既不带正电,也不带负电。
2)我已经提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
3)我们说,长征是历史记录上的第一次,长征是宣言书,长征是宣传队,长征是播种机。
4)匪军所至,杀戮人民,奸淫妇女,焚毁村庄,掠夺财物,无所不用其极
2.Omission of Words of Conceptual Category省略概念范畴类词语
1)我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。
2)这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。
3)她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。
3.Omitting Meticulous Description省略过详的细节描述
1)200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌,回旋激荡,水击礁石,浪花飞溅,声如雷鸣。
2)花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝。
(编辑:卢晓雪)