翻译技巧 | 交替传译技巧
交替传译,直白点说就是译员在讲话人讲完一句、一个意群、一段甚至整篇后译出目标语言的翻译方式。比如,两会期间举行的新闻发布会采用的都是交传。那么交替传译有哪些实用技巧呢?
交传相对于同传来讲,有利条件是译员可以听完一个段落,然后进行翻译。在听的过程中,要边听边分析,将原语信息归纳整理,译出的内容才会是地道的中文,没有英语原句的语法结构痕迹。
… foreign lawyers began accompanying foreign capital to China and setting up businesses. This influx of foreign lawyers led to the development of regulations to govern their conduct in China.
原文中虽然是两句话,但是意思关联紧密 —— this influx of foreign lawyer 实际上是对上一句的重复性强调,翻译时无需再重复,直接接入下一个意群即可。比较下面两种译法:
a) 外国律师开始伴随着外国资本来中国开展业务,因此中国开始制定条例来规范他们在中国的行为。(归纳整理后)
b) 外国律师开始伴随着外国资本来中国开展业务。外国律师的进入,导致了制定条例来规范他们在中国的行为。
交传中,最重要的是要传递完整的、合乎逻辑的信息,因此,在翻译时,要考虑全局,为了上下前后语义连贯,需要添加原语中没有但是暗含的成分:
Even with the new Regulations, however, there are many questions which will soon have to be addressed.
上一段谈到了新条例的出台,为了使译文紧凑,添加了“这些”。比较下面两种译法:
a) 不过,就连 这些 新的管理条例也存在很多问题,急需解决。(添加了这些)
b) 不过,就连新的管理条例也存在很多问题,需要在近期解决。
The employment of Chinese – national registered lawyers by foreign law firm representative offices, experience and residency requirements for foreign lawyers, and exactly what it means to be able to provide information regarding the Chinese legal environment are all issues…
注意译文a)中添加的成分:
a) 比如外国律师事务所代表处聘用中国注册律师的问题,对外国律师在从业经验和居住方面的规定,以及关于外国律师事务所代表处能够提供中国法律环境信息的确切含义…
b) 外国律师事务所代表处聘用中国注册律师的,外国律师从业经验和居住方面的要求,以及能够提供中国法律环境信息的确切含义…
有时为了传递出发言者的语气, 要对原语的语序作适当调整, 如下例a), 两个句子中, 时间的排放顺序作了调整, 来突出中国现在与过去之间的强烈对比:
The country’s situation and leverage are far superior to the prevailing situation 150 years ago, when western powers were able to force their standards on China. The positions taken by China in the coming negotiations will provide a voice for developing countries in the process
a) 150年前,中国的形势和实力与今天的情形不可同日而语,那时西方列强可以把他们的标准强加给中国。而在未来的谈判进程中, 中国采取的立场将代表发展中国家的意见。
b) 中国的形势和实力远远超过150年前的情形, 当时西方列强可以将他们的标准强加给中国。中国在未来谈判中采取的立场将在这一进程中代表发展中国家的意见.
口译的特点是输入信息(讲话)转瞬即逝,不可能象笔译那样对一个篇章反复斟酌之后才动手翻译,所以即时理解和记忆对成功的翻译起着至关重要的作用。因此,交传要借助笔记来帮助记忆。听讲话的过程中, 要边听边记,这里的记,既指记笔记, 又指用头脑记忆, 抓住意思是关键, 而不要纠缠于某个特定的表达法,或是某几个陌生的单词。
以讲话中的第一段为例,黑体字是口译笔记中/或是大脑中应当记下的“关键字”,不理解、记不住这些关键字,就无法顺畅地进行翻译:
China’s legal services market has been evolving quickly and will undergo significant additional change as a result of WTO accession. With the adoption of socialist modernization and opening to the outside world as guiding principles since the last 1970s, foreign lawyers began accompanying foreign capital to China and setting up businesses. This influx of foreign lawyers led to the development of regulations to govern their conduct in China. These regulations, beginning in 1992, imposed various limitations on the location and number of foreign law firm representative offices, foreign attorney qualifications and allowed scope of practice.
来源:同文世纪翻译,转载请注明出处!
(编辑:T-win)