英汉翻译常见翻译技巧:增减文字
翻译中,译者应真实而准确地反映源语言所要表达的思想内容。不过,为得到准确而流畅的译文,译者不必完全拘泥于源语言的形式,而是自如地遣词造句。照搬源语言句子成分、结构、形式而唯恐越雷池一步,不可能翻译出好的译文。另外,世上不存在一个放之四海而皆准的公式可供套用。此处以英汉翻译为例,简单介绍一些基本的技巧,如正译与反译、深化与浅化、添词与减词、并词与拆词等。
添词与减词也是翻译的技巧。翻译时,需要适当的补充或删减词汇,使译文意思完整、通顺。
有时,汉语用省略的说法,比较简炼。但译成英文时,则非重复不可。反之亦然。此时,需要添词。
Before the night was far advanced, they began to pray for their father.
入夜不久,他们便开始为父亲祈祷。
* 在天色已晚但是夜还不深的时候,他们便开始为他们的父亲祈祷。
改革开放以来,许多自学成才的青年担任了各门的领导职务。
Since the implementation of the reform and open-up policy, many young people who became competent through self-study have taken-up leading posts in various government agencies.
有时,源语言用词重叠,或同义反复,甚至罗里罗嗦,翻译时需要减词。
我希望这次会议不要开得太长,太长了只会浪费时间。
I hope that the meeting will not last too long, for it will only waste time.
* I hope that the meeting will not last too long. If it lasts for long, it will only waste time.
Some children are clever and deft while others are quite clumsy.
有些孩子心灵手巧,有些孩子则笨手笨脚。
有时,汉语词汇的含义相当于英语若干词汇的总和。反之,亦然。所以,在翻译时,需要添词。
Sanctions admittedly pressed harder on some countries than others.
采取制裁措施对某些国家的压力显然要比其他国家大。
他在第一时间提出了一项新设计方案。
At the earliest opportunity he tabled a new design.
有时,还需要根据目标语言的习惯,增加一些词汇。
I am looking forward to the holidays.
我盼望着假期的到来。
Books are so cheap that every one of us has the best books at his command, as well as the worst.
书非常便宜,所以我们无论是谁,最好的书也好,最次的书也好,都可以随便买到。
来源:同文世纪翻译,转载请注明出处!
(编辑:T-win)