双语 | 新华社评出2021年国内和国际十大新闻
2021年国内十大新闻
Top 10 China News Events in 2021
国内生产总值突破百万亿大关
China's GDP has grown past the 100-trillion-yuan threshold
1月18日，国家统计局发布数据，2020年，面对新冠肺炎疫情大考，我国率先控制住疫情、率先复工复产、率先实现经济增长由负转正，国内生产总值首次突破100万亿元大关。这意味着我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力又跃上了新的大台阶，对于全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，具有十分重要的标志性意义。
China's gross domestic product (GDP) exceeded the 100-trillion-yuan (about 15.42 trillion U.S. dollars) threshold in 2020, official data released on Jan. 18, 2021 show. This marks a great step forward for China's economic, technological and comprehensive strength and is of symbolic significance to completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embarking on a new journey to fully build a modern socialist China.
全党开展党史学习教育
CPC launches campaign on studying Party history
2月20日，党史学习教育动员大会在北京召开，习近平总书记出席会议并发表重要讲话。党史学习教育是党中央立足党的百年历史新起点、统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局、为动员全党全国满怀信心投身全面建设社会主义现代化国家而作出的重大决策。党史学习教育开展以来，各部门各地区各单位突出学党史、悟思想、办实事、开新局，在基层宣讲中推动党史学习教育深入群众，高质量开展专题组织生活会，扎实推进“我为群众办实事”实践活动，广大党员不断学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行，从党的奋斗历程中汲取前进力量。
The Communist Party of China (CPC) launched a campaign on studying the Party's history on Feb. 20, 2021, the year of the CPC's centenary. As a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, the campaign was aimed at mobilizing the whole Party and nation to be fully devoted to developing a modern socialist China with full confidence. Through the campaign, Party members have gained strength to power ahead from the Party's past endeavors.
完善香港特别行政区选举制度
Hong Kong's electoral system is improved
3月11日，十三届全国人大四次会议表决通过《全国人民代表大会关于完善香港特别行政区选举制度的决定》。这是继制定实施香港国安法后，中央依法治港的又一重大举措，是完善“一国两制”制度体系、落实中央对香港全面管治权的具体体现，为全面落实“爱国者治港”原则提供了更加坚实的制度保障。3月30日，十三届全国人大常委会第二十七次会议通过了新修订的香港基本法附件一和附件二。随后，香港特别行政区完成本地立法。新选举制度为推进香港民主稳步发展、实现良政善治，促进“一国两制”实践行稳致远打下坚实基础。
On March 11, China's top legislature adopted a decision on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Later that month, the amended Annex I and Annex II to the Basic Law of the HKSAR were adopted. Relevant local legislation was also completed. The new electoral system has laid a solid foundation for the steady democratic development and good governance in Hong Kong, as well as for the steady and sustained implementation of "one country, two systems."
隆重庆祝中国共产党成立100周年
CPC celebrates its centenary
7月1日，庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会在北京天安门广场隆重举行，各界代表7万余人以盛大仪式欢庆中国共产党百年华诞。习近平总书记发表重要讲话，回顾了中国共产党百年奋斗的光辉历程，高度评价一百年来中国共产党团结带领中国人民创造的伟大成就，精辟概括伟大建党精神，号召全体中国共产党员以史为鉴、开创未来，在新的赶考之路上努力为党和人民争取更大光荣。庆祝大会前夕，习近平总书记向“七一勋章”获得者颁授勋章，中国共产党历史展览馆落成开馆，文艺演出《伟大征程》盛大举行。
The CPC celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding on July 1. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, delivered a speech at a grand gathering held at the Tian'anmen Square, in which he hailed the Party's success over the past century and called on the whole Party to continue its hard work and carry out "a great struggle" to achieve national rejuvenation. Ahead of the grand gathering, Xi conferred the July 1 Medal, the Party's highest honor, on model CPC members. The Museum of the Communist Party of China was inaugurated.
我国全面建成小康社会
China attains milestone development goal
7月1日，庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，习近平总书记代表党和人民庄严宣告，经过全党全国各族人民持续奋斗，我们实现了第一个百年奋斗目标，在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。党中央把脱贫攻坚作为全面建成小康社会的底线任务，2月25日召开的全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会上，习近平总书记宣布，我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利，现行标准下9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫。
Xi announced on July 1 that China has realized its first centenary goal -- building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Poverty eradication is considered the "bottom-line task" in attaining this milestone development goal. It was announced earlier in 2021 that China has scored a "complete victory" in its fight against poverty. Over the past eight years, the final 98.99 million impoverished rural residents living under the current poverty line had all been lifted out of poverty.
三孩生育政策发布实施
China supports couples in having third child
7月20日，《中共中央 国务院关于优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的决定》对外发布，提出优化生育政策，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策，配套实施积极生育支持措施。这是我国人口与生育政策的又一次历史性调整，有利于改善我国人口结构、保持我国人力资源禀赋优势、平缓总和生育率下降趋势、巩固全面建成小康社会成果。8月20日，十三届全国人大常委会第三十次会议表决通过关于修改人口与计划生育法的决定，围绕实施三孩生育政策、取消社会抚养费等制约措施、配套实施积极生育支持措施等进行修改。
China's central authorities announced a policy plan in July to allow couples to have a third child. A month later, the country's Population and Family Planning Law was amended in line with the new policy. The amendment cancels relevant restrictive measures, including fines for couples who violate the law to have more children than they are permitted. It also stipulates supportive measures for the policy shift.
国六中全会总结党的百年奋斗
Key CPC plenum reviews Party's endeavors over past century
11月8日至11日，党的十九届六中全会在北京召开。全会审议通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》，聚焦总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，突出中国特色社会主义新时代这个重点，体现了党中央对党的百年奋斗的新认识，是一篇光辉的马克思主义纲领性文献，是新时代中国共产党人牢记初心使命、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的政治宣言，是以史为鉴、开创未来、实现中华民族伟大复兴的行动指南。全会决定，中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会于2022年下半年在北京召开。
The sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held from Nov. 8 to Nov. 11 in Beijing. The session deliberated and adopted the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century. Highlighting the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the resolution represents an updated understanding on the part of the CPC Central Committee of the Party's century-long history. It is a guideline for the Party to create a brighter future and achieve national rejuvenation by learning from history. The plenum also decided to convene the 20th CPC National Congress in the second half of 2022.
中美中俄元首举行视频会晤
Xi holds video meetings with U.S. and Russian counterparts
11月16日，国家主席习近平同美国总统拜登举行视频会晤，为中美关系发展把舵引航。12月15日，习近平主席同俄罗斯总统普京举行年内第二次视频会晤。今年以来，在疫情背景下，习近平主席还以视频方式出席中国共产党与世界政党领导人峰会、金砖峰会、上合峰会、联合国大会一般性辩论、《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会、二十国集团峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议等一系列重大活动，通过“云外交”同国际社会密切互动，针对共同挑战提出中国方案、凝聚全球共识，有力促进国际抗疫合作和全球共同发展，弘扬全人类共同价值，推动构建人类命运共同体。
President Xi Jinping held a video meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden on Nov. 16, charting the course for bilateral ties. On Dec. 15, Xi held his second video meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2021. Over the past year, Xi has attended a series of diplomatic events via video link. Through "cloud diplomacy," Xi has proposed China's approach to addressing global challenges, which has facilitated global anti-pandemic cooperation and shared development, and promoted the common values of humanity and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
载人航天等取得新突破
China makes major progress in space missions including manned spaceflight
12月27日0时55分，经过约6小时，神舟十三号航天员乘组圆满完成年内第二次出舱全部既定任务，航天员翟志刚、叶光富安全返回天和核心舱，出舱活动取得圆满成功。一年来，从中国空间站天和核心舱成功发射到“天问一号”“祝融号”成功探测火星，从神舟十二号圆满完成任务到神舟十三号成功发射，我国科技实力正在从量的积累迈向质的飞跃、从点的突破迈向系统能力提升，科技创新取得新的历史性成就。
As China's Shenzhou-13 taikonauts Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu returned to the space station core module Tianhe on Dec. 27, the manned spacecraft's crew successfully completed their second extravehicular activities this year. It was among the major achievements China has made in its space missions over the past year, which has also witnessed the launch of Tianhe, the exploration of Mars rover Zhurong and the completion of Shenzhou-12 manned spaceflight mission. This year marked a giant step forward in the quality of China's sci-tech strength.
“十四五”实现良好开局
China gets off to a good start during the 14th Five-Year Plan period
今年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年，以习近平同志为核心的党中央带领全体人民，开启向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程，沉着应对百年变局和世纪疫情，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，我国经济发展和疫情防控保持全球领先地位，国家战略科技力量加快壮大，产业链韧性得到提升，改革开放向纵深推进，民生保障有力有效，生态文明建设持续推进，实现了“十四五”良好开局。
The year 2021 has been a milestone for both the Party and the nation. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the Chinese people have embarked on a new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal and got the 14th Five-Year Plan off to a great start. China has accelerated efforts to foster a new paradigm of development and promote high-quality development, and continued to lead the world in terms of economic development and COVID-19 containment, with significant progress made in improving scientific strength, industrial chain resilience, people's wellbeing, reform and opening-up, and eco-environmental advancement.
2021年国际十大新闻
Top 10 World News Events in 2021
国会骚乱打破“美式民主”幻象
Capitol riot breaks fantasy of "American-style democracy"
1月6日，大批支持时任美国总统特朗普的示威者强行闯入美国国会大厦，与警方发生冲突，造成5人死亡多人受伤。骚乱意在以暴力手段阻止美国总统权力的有序过渡，被视为美国历史上影响最深远的本土暴力极端事件之一。血腥暴力在美国最高政治殿堂上演震惊世界，凸显美国社会分裂鸿沟，打破“美式民主”幻象。人们更清晰看到，“美式民主”已沦为美国政客煽动民意实现自身利益最大化的工具。
On Jan. 6, supporters of then U.S. President Donald Trump stormed the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. and clashed with police, leaving five people dead and many others injured. The riot against an orderly transition of presidential power is seen as one of the most far-reaching domestic extreme events in U.S. history. Bloodshed and violence at the landmark of American politics stunned the world, exposing huge social disparities and breaking the fantasy of the "American-style democracy," which has long been used as an instrument by U.S. politicians to manipulate public opinion and maximize their own interests.
运河堵塞暴露世界经济脆弱
Suez Canal blockage exposes fragility of world economy
3月23日，一艘货轮在埃及苏伊士运河搁浅堵塞航道，一度阻断约12%的全球贸易流通。2021年，种种现象暴露出世界经济脆弱性：物流梗阻、运费暴涨，供应链承受压力；芯片稀缺、大宗商品价格飙升，产业链受到冲击；债务攀升、流动性泛滥，金融市场波动加剧；复苏分化、贫富差距扩大，发展鸿沟加深……这既反映出疫情影响复杂深远，也和经济全球化遭遇逆流有关，警示各国须加强宏观政策协调，主要经济体要展现责任担当，共同完善全球经济治理。
On March 23, a large container ship ran aground at the Suez Canal and blocked the waterway. The flow of about 12 percent of world trade volume came to a halt. The fragility of the world economy was exposed this year. Bottlenecks on logistics and soaring freight rates disrupted global supply chains, and industrial chains were hit by chip shortages and rising commodity prices. Heavier debt, combined with an influx of liquidity, exacerbated the volatility of financial markets. The economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic was unbalanced. The gap between the rich and the poor widened, and so did the huge development gap. In the face of the profound impacts of COVID-19 and headwinds in economic globalization, all countries should step up macro policy coordination with major economies shouldering greater responsibility for better global economic governance.
世界多国再掀太空探索热潮
World again keen on space exploration
5月15日，天问一号探测器成功着陆火星，迈出中国太空探索征程又一重要步伐。此前，阿联酋“希望”号火星探测器和美国“毅力”号火星车于2月抵达目的地，3位“访客”掀起火星探索新热潮。天和核心舱于4月成功发射，中国空间站建造全面开启，6月和10月分别迎来两批航天员在轨驻留。12月，美国詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜顺利发射入轨。此外，商业太空游再进一步。9月，4名游客遨游太空。10月，俄罗斯摄制组登上国际空间站拍摄电影。
On May 15, China's probe Tianwen-1 touched down on Mars, marking a pivotal step in China's space exploration. Earlier in February, the Hope Probe of the United Arab Emirates and NASA's Perseverance rover entered the orbit of the red planet. The three visitors set off a new upsurge of Mars research. In April, China sent into space the core module Tianhe of its space station, kicking off a series of key launch missions to complete the station's construction. In June and October, two batches of Chinese taikonauts went onboard the space station. In December, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope lifted off into orbit. Commercial spaceflights have also taken a leap forward this year. In September, four tourists were launched into space for a journey. A Russian actor and a film director returned to Earth in October after filming a science fiction movie at the International Space Station.
美军撤阿标志失败留下灾难
U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan a big fiasco, leaving disasters behind
8月30日，美军全部撤离阿富汗，美国发动的长达20年的阿富汗战争以失败告终。美军不顾盟友仓促撤离引发阿局势震荡，野蛮空袭造成包括儿童在内的多名阿平民死亡，其自私霸道本性再次暴露无遗。这场美国历史上最漫长的战争令阿富汗生灵涂炭，累计有3万多名阿平民被美军杀死或因战乱丧生，约1100万人沦为难民。长年战乱导致当地民生凋敝，约四分之三民众生活在贫困线以下。美军不负责任一走了之，给阿富汗人民留下深重灾难和巨大痛苦。
On Aug. 30, U.S. troops were completely pulled out of Afghanistan. The 20-year war Washington unilaterally launched ended in a big fiasco. The hasty withdrawal, regardless of U.S. allies, led to turmoil on Afghan soil. Meanwhile, brutal airstrikes brought many civilians, including children, to death. America once again demonstrated its selfish and high-handed nature. The longest war in U.S. history claimed more than 30,000 lives of Afghan civilians, and turned about 11 million people into refugees. Long-term wars and conflicts took a heavy toll on people's livelihood, as three-quarters of the population in Afghanistan lived below the poverty line. The U.S. forces fled irresponsibly, leaving behind them enduring pains and disasters for Afghans.
中国元首外交唱响多边主义
China's head-of-state diplomacy promotes multilateralism
10月25日，习近平主席在北京出席中华人民共和国恢复联合国合法席位50周年纪念会议并发表重要讲话，呼吁共同践行真正的多边主义，实现世界永续和平发展。今年是中国共产党百年华诞，习近平作为党和国家领导人，密集开展“云外交”，推动党的对外工作开创新局面，引领中国促进完善全球治理，弘扬全人类共同价值，推动构建人类命运共同体，彰显中国共产党人胸怀天下，为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同的使命担当，受到国际社会高度赞誉。
On Oct. 25, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered an important address commemorating the restoration of the People's Republic of China's lawful seat at the United Nations 50 years ago, calling for joint efforts to practice true multilateralism and promote the lasting and peaceful development of the world. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, has been engaged in intensive "cloud diplomacy" to open up new prospects for the party's diplomatic work. Under Xi's leadership, China has helped improve global governance, carried forward the shared human values and pushed for the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been highly praised by the international community.
俄西方矛盾重重关系再恶化
Russia-West relations worsen again amid deep rifts
11月1日起，俄罗斯暂停俄常驻北约代表团工作，以回应北约驱逐俄外交官。由于美国长期抱守冷战思维，联合盟友不断向俄施压，今年以来俄与美欧在乌克兰、网络安全、所谓“干预美国选举”等问题上矛盾重重，几度相互驱逐外交官。美俄领导人今年两度会晤，但双方关系未出现明显改善。俄与西方后又在白俄罗斯与波兰、立陶宛边境难民危机等问题上出现争执，双方关系持续紧张。
Moscow suspended the operation of the Russian Permanent Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from Nov. 1 in retaliation against the alliance's expulsion of Russian diplomats. Since the United States has long been sticking to the Cold War mentality and ganging up with its allies to press Moscow, Russia has clashed with Washington and some European countries over a series of issues, including Ukraine, cyber security and the so-called election intervention. The two sides reciprocally expelled diplomats several times. Russian President Vladimir Putin and his U.S. counterpart, Joe Biden, so far met twice in 2021, but the two sides failed to improve bilateral ties significantly. The migration crisis on Belarus-Poland and Belarus-Lithuania border triggered another round of disputes between Russia and the West, and tensions between the two sides remained.
格拉斯哥气变大会达成协议
COP26 in Glasgow ends with new climate pact
11月13日，格拉斯哥气候变化大会达成协议，开启国际社会全面落实《巴黎协定》的新征程。大会期间，中美发布强化气候行动联合宣言，为推进全球气候治理注入宝贵动力。发达国家对气候变化负有历史责任，必须率先大幅减排，同时兑现气候融资承诺。今年，美国能源州因冬季风暴大停电、亚洲城市因强降雨严重内涝、欧洲部分地区降暴雨致罕见洪灾，全球极端天气频发敲响“气候警钟”，世界各国携手采取行动应对气候变化已刻不容缓。
On Nov. 13, the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change concluded in Glasgow, Britain, with a new global pact signed to tackle climate change, paving the way for a comprehensive and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. On the sidelines of the conference, China and the United States issued a joint declaration on enhancing climate action in the 2020s, injecting impetus into global collective actions. Developed countries, which bear the historic responsibility for climate change, must take the lead in cutting emissions and fulfill commitments to increase financial support. In 2021, winter storms across the United States caused blackouts in its energy-producing states. Heavy rainfalls inundated Asian cities. Devastating floods wreaked havoc in some European countries. Surging extreme weather events have sounded the "climate alarm," highlighting the need to take immediate joint actions against climate change.
中美元首举行首次视频会晤
Chinese, U.S. heads of state hold first virtual meeting
11月16日，习近平主席同美国总统拜登举行首次视频会晤，双方就事关中美关系发展的战略性、全局性、根本性问题以及共同关心的重要问题进行了充分、深入的沟通和交流。今年，习主席还应约同拜登总统两次通话。习近平主席在视频会晤中全面阐述中方对中美关系的原则立场，明确提出相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的战略框架，为两国关系的健康稳定发展把舵引航。两国元首就中美关系重要性、反对打“新冷战”达成原则共识。
On Nov. 16, Chinese President Xi Jinping and his U.S. counterpart, Joe Biden, held their first virtual meeting. The two heads of state had thorough and in-depth communication and exchanges on issues of strategic, overarching and fundamental importance to the development of China-U.S. relations and on important issues of mutual interest. Since the beginning of this year, Xi also had two telephone conversations with Biden at the latter's request. During the meeting via video link, Xi gave comprehensive exposition of China's principled position on China-U.S. relations, and clearly outlined a strategic framework of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation for China-U.S. relations, charting the course for the sound and steady growth of this relationship. The two leaders have reached principled consensuses on the importance of China-U.S. relations and rejection of a "new Cold War."
“后默克尔时代”德欧面临考验
Germany, EU face tests in post-Merkel era
12月8日，朔尔茨当选新一任德国总理，与其前任、执政16年的默克尔正式交接，德国及欧盟进入“后默克尔时代”。默克尔在任期间，带领德国取得显著发展成就，发挥协调作用推动欧盟前行，致力于对华友好交往与务实合作。她离开政坛之时，欧盟正面临多重严峻考验，新冠疫情蔓延反复，经济复苏艰难曲折，英国“脱欧”后遗症显现，欧洲一体化势头疲软。在欧盟寻求真正“战略自主”的道路上，默克尔的务实理性作风尤显可贵。
On Dec. 8, Olaf Scholz was sworn in as Germany's new federal chancellor, taking the baton from his predecessor Angela Merkel who retired after 16 years in office. Germany and the European Union (EU) have entered the post-Merkel era. Under Merkel's leadership, Germany achieved remarkable development, played a coordinative role in pushing the EU forward, and was engaged in friendly contacts and practical cooperation with China. At the time of Merkel's departure, the EU is beleagured by mounting challenges -- ongoing COVID-19 resurgence, a tough economic recovery, the aftermath of Brexit and a sluggish European integration process. On the road of pursing true strategic autonomy for the EU, Merkel's pragmatic and rational style of work is especially valuable.
疫苗接种助力全球阻击疫情
Vaccination helps global fight against COVID-19
12月29日，世界卫生组织数据显示，全球已接种超过86亿剂新冠疫苗。大规模疫苗接种助力全球阻击疫情，但“免疫鸿沟”亟待消除。中国克服自身困难全年努力对外提供约20亿剂疫苗，一些西方国家却大搞“疫苗民族主义”。病毒频繁变异，德尔塔和奥密克戎毒株先后来袭；疫情起伏反复，全球累计病例和死亡病例已分别超过2.8亿例和540万例。打好抗疫“持久战”，亟须各方携手合作，让疫苗成为全球公共产品，充分发挥疫苗、药物和防疫措施的作用。
As of Dec. 29, according to the World Health Organization, 8.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines were administrated worldwide. While the large-scale vaccination has helped the global anti-pandemic fight, there is an urgent need to eliminate the immunity gap. While trying to overcome its own difficulties, China has provided a total of 2 billion doses of vaccines against COVID-19 for the world by the end of this year. Yet some Western countries have been busy stoking up "vaccine nationalism." The virus has mutated at a frightening speed as variants including Delta and Omicron sprang up. The worldwide tally of confirmed cases has now exceeded 280 million and over 5.4 million people have been killed by the pandemic. To win the protracted battle against COVID-19, there is a pressing need for all parties to work hand in hand to make vaccines a global public good and give full play to vaccines, medicines and preventive measures.
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