论庞德的翻译观及其中国古典诗歌的创意英译
埃兹拉·庞徳英译的中国古典诗歌在英语诗歌发展中起到了积极的推动作用。他提倡创意英语翻译,用灵活的手法对中国古典诗歌进行创新性翻译。庞德的创意翻译主要体现在三个方面:1)抛弃维多利亚时期那种矫揉造作、生僻古涩的翻译措辞,主张用当代语言翻译古典诗歌; 2)优秀的诗歌译作可以是具有独立意义的新诗作品。用当代的经验和观念认识原作,从而再现原作的形式和内涵;3)每篇译作都有必要看成是一定程度上对原作的评鉴,把翻译看成文学批评的一种形式。庞德提倡运用创意翻译法灵活处理原作诗歌中不可译的因素,竭力表现诗歌语言背后原文作者的真实思想情感。这种创意翻译法更是 20世纪西方翻译理论多元发展的先声。但是由于其创意翻译法与中国翻译批评所坚持的标准相去甚远,这些译作在中国不仅一直没有被作为翻译佳品而得到充分的肯定,反而被看成劣质译品,成了翻译和文化批判的靶子。本文通过对庞德翻译理论的解析和对《华夏集》和《诗经》的译例分析,阐述庞徳运用创新手法对中国古典诗歌进行文化和诗学兼容的创意翻译的意义及艺术特点, 以期庞德的翻译理沦和译作在中国能够得到中肯的评价。
In his capacity as both a theorist and a practitioner of translation, particularly with his creative translation of Chinese classical poems into English, Ezra Pound had contributed significantly to the growth of translation worldwide and given quite an impetus to the development of modern English poetry. Pound ad·vocates the method of creative translation to translate classical Chinese poetry. The creative translation is: firstly, to throw away the obscure expression and translate ancient poetry with contemporary words. Secondly, good translation is itself a work with independent meaning. The translator should understand the original work with experience and idea in modern time in order to represent the form and its content. Thirdly, the translation should be regarded as assessment of the original work and the act of translation as a way to criticize literature work. Pound advo·cates using the method of creative translation to translate the un- translatable of poetry in order to represent the true feeling behind translatable of poetry in order to represent the true feeling behind the lines. Owing to the differences between the Chinese and the Western criteria for evaluating translational works, however, Pound’s renderings of Chinese classical poems have not been suf·ficiently appreciated by translation scholars in China, and his theory of creative translation has fared even worse in this coun·try. To do justice to Pound, this paper takes a close look at his translational theory, offering a detailed analysis of some of his translations from Cathay and The Confucian Odes (Shijing).
(编辑:织言)