有关报考咨询请联系foreign@gucas.ac.cn
网址：http://foreign.gucas.ac.cn/

中国科学院研究生院招收2011年
外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生考试科目简介及参考书

　　1． 政治理论 （100分）

　　（全国硕士研究生入学统一考试）

　　2． 第二外国语（100分）

　　1） 日语：《标准日本语》（中级上、下册） 人民教育出版社
　　2） 德语：《德语速成》外语教学与研究出版社；《德语－300小时》外语教学与研究出版社
　　3） 俄语：《大学俄语基础教程》（1－4册） 高教社出版或其他相应水平的公外教材
　　4） 法语：《简明法语教程》（上、下册）孙辉编 商务印书馆

　　3．基础英语（150分）

　　第一部分 词汇（20分）
　　第二部分 结构（20分）
　　第三部分 阅读（50分）
　　第四部分 翻译（30分）
　　第五部分 写作（30分）

　　4．综合考试（150分）

　　1）文学（40分）：）：《美国文学导读与应试指南》，何树 上海世界图书出版公司2005；《美国文学史》，（美）童明 译林出版社2002；《英国文学导读与应试指南》何树 上海世界图书出版公司2005。
　　2）英美概况（30分）：《新编英美概况教程》周叔麟 北京大学出版社。
　　3）语言学（80分）：《语言学教程》 ( 修订版英文本 ) 胡壮麟 北京大学出版2006（第3版）2001；《语言学教程》 ( 修订版中译本 ) 胡壮麟 北京大学出版2002；《现代汉语》（修订三版上、下册）黄伯荣 廖序东 高等教育出版社1980。

“基础英语”考试的结构及题型

　　第一部分 词汇（20分）

　　A． 近义词配对 （每题1分，共5分，）
　　例：　1. bulge　　　　　　A. swelling
　　　　　2. chaos　　　　　　B. award
　　　　　3. rinse　　　　　　C. impetus
　　　　　4. poise 　　　　　D. a graceful way of standing
　　　　　5. detour 　　　　　E. indirect course
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　F. discord
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　G. cleanse
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　H. confusion

　　B．多项选择填空 （每题1分，共15分）
　　例：The savings on staff wages are ________ by the increased maintenance costs.
　　A. offset B. compensated C. curtailed D. exceeded

　　第二部分 结构（20分）

　　A.      找错并改错（每题2分，共5题）

　　例：Few inventors have to their credit as much useful inventions as Thomas Alva Edison.

　A                   B              C                                         　  D

　　B. 在以下空格处填写一个合适的词语（每题1分，共10题）
　　例：Traditional Schooling
　　Traditional schooling is increasingly unable to prepare children for their career success. Graduating from ___26___ school is less and less likely to suffice when it comes to ___27___ a reasonable job. The one institution ___28___ we see significant growth is in the arena of community colleges for two specific types of students. One group includes those individuals ___29___ may be ready in all ways except financially to go to a four-year program, ___30___ they attend a community college for the first year or two to reduce their overall college costs. The other group is made up of students seeking training ___31___ will help them get a better job than ___32___ they can get straight out of high school, and so attend community college. But in general, parents today do not believe that schools are preparing our children. In fact that’s ___33___ we see initiatives throughout the world championing school reforms and school reinvention initiatives.
　　Training and education are disconnected ___34___ the needs of the workplace. More and more what we find is that education is steeped in the traditions of the ___35___, but today’s workplaces are being propelled by the economics of today. This is a serious and growing problem that we urgently need to address.

　　第三部分 阅读（50分）

　　A. 把以下给出的1个句子还原到段落的适当位置（每题2.5分，共5分）
　　例：TEXT 1
　　句子：This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.
　　段落： [A] Before 1815 manufacturing in the US had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. [B] As master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. [C] In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. [D] After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. [E] Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.

　　B. 用简单的英文重述以下划横线的句子（每题5分，共10分）
　　例：TEXT 1
　　The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing. The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.

　　C．把所给的6个句子中的5个还原到所给文章的适当位置，使文章语义连贯（每题2分，共20分）
　　例：TEXT 1
　　I began working in journalism when I was eight years old. It was my mother’s idea. She wanted me to “make something” of myself and, after a levelheaded appraisal of my strengths, decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition.
　　40)_____ My idea of a perfect afternoon was lying in front of the radio rereading my favorite Big Little Book, Dick Tracy Meets Stooge Viller. My mother despised inactivity. Seeing me having a goodtime in repose, she was powerless to hide her disgust. “you’ve got no more gumption than a bump on a log,” she said. “Get out in the kitchen and help Doris do those dirty dishes.”
　　41)_____ She positively enjoyed washing dishes, making beds, and cleaning the house. When she was only seven she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P, threaten the manager with legal action, and come back triumphantly with the full quarter-pound we’d paid for and a few ounces extra thrown in for forgiveness. 42)_____ Because of this defect, however, the best she could hope for was a career as a nurse or schoolteacher, the only work that capable females were considered up to in those days.
　　43)_____ If disappointed, though, she wasted no energy on self-pity. She would make me make something of myself whether I wanted to or not. “The Lord helps those who help themselves,” she said. That was the way her mind worked.
　　44)_____ Having sized up the material that Lord had given her to mold, she didn’t overestimate what she could do with it. She didn’t insist that I grow up to be President of the United States.
　　A. She was realistic about the difficulty.
　　B. My sister Doris, though two years younger than I, had enough gumption for a dozen people.
　　C. The flaw in my character which she had already spotted was lack of “gumption.”
　　D. Doris could have made something of herself if she hadn’t been a girl.
　　E. This must have saddened my mother, this twist of fate that had allocated all the gumption to the daughter and left her with a son who was content with Dick Tracy and Stooge Viller.
　　F. (omitted)

　　D. 写出下列语段的概要。概要的长度应约等于原文的三分之一（共15分）
　　例：TEXT 1
　　In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.
　　Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.
　　In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant’s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant’s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.
　　The impact of the socialization process, particularly that parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension this produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.

　　第四部分 翻译（30分）

　　A．英译汉（10分）
　　B．汉译英（10分）
　　C. 古汉语翻译为英文（10分）

　　第五部分 写作（30分）根据所给题目写一篇不少于500词的作文。

“综合考试”的结构和题型

　　一、文学部分（40分）

　　A． 多项选择填空（10分，每题1分，共10题）

　　例：Paradise Lost by __________ presents its basic idea as a passionate appeal for freedom.
　　[A] John Bunyan 　　[B] John Milton 　[C] Thomas More 　[D] Edmund Spenser

　　B． 解释下列文学事件及其代表人物和作品（20分，每题6-7分，共3题）
　　例：The Lost Generation

　　C． 阅读下列节选并回答问题（10分，每题5分，共2题）（略）

　　二、英美概况部分（30分）

　　A． 解释下列术语或事件（10分，每题3-4分，共3题）
　　例：American Revolution

　　B．指出下列描述正确与否（10分，每题1分，共10题）
　　例：Franklin Roosevelt was elected for two terms. (True or False)

　　C．回答下列问题（10分，共1题）
　　例：Comment on the cause of 9/11 event in the US.

　　三、语言学部分（80分）

　　A． 选词填空（10分，每空1分）
　　例：semantics, phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicology
　　1. The study of words is lexis; the study of the meanings of words, phrases and sentences is ________.
　　2. The study of speech sounds is phonetics and the study of the sound systems of languages is ________.
　　3. ________ is the study of the composition of words.
　　4. ________ is the study of the composition of sentences.

　　B． 简答下列问题（25分，每题5分，共5题）
　　例：Use examples to illustrate the difference between content words and function words.

　　C． 汉语知识（15分）（略）

　　D．回答下列问题（30分，每题10分，共3题）
　　例：What is your opinion about the relationship between language and culture?