温家宝中国农业和农村的发展道路之七
时间:2013/1/1 来源:新东方 浏览次数:862
四、不断提高做好“三农”工作的能力和水平
IV. Improving our ability to launch initiatives pertaining to agriculture, rural areas and rural residents
做好新形势下的“三农”工作是一篇大文章，既需要具有较高的理论和政策水平，又需要有丰富的实践经验，还要对农民有深厚的感情。从事这项工作的同志，要善于把握农业农村发展的客观规律，统筹协调好各方面关系，更加科学有效地推动农业农村发展。
To tackle the huge task of launching initiatives pertaining to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents under new circumstances, not only must we have a good understanding of theories and policies, we must also have a great deal of practical experience, and deeply cherish the people in rural areas. Cadres engaging in these initiatives need to understand the objective laws governing agricultural and rural development, balance various different relationships, and strive to make the development of agriculture and rural areas more scientific and more efficient.
一是始终坚持“重中之重”战略思想。中央提出的把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重的战略思想，不仅是指导现阶段工作的，也是管长远的。今后，虽然农业份额会下降、农村人口会减少，但农业在国民经济中的基础作用不会改变，“三农”问题在全局中的重要地位不会改变。这个道理，不仅现在要反复讲，今后更要一直讲;不仅要在农村讲，更要在城市讲;不仅要体现在号召上，更要落实在行动上。特别是各级领导干部要牢固树立、自觉践行“重中之重”战略思想，发挥表率作用。
First, we must continue to attach the highest level of importance to solving problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and rural residents. The central government has identified the resolution of problems concerning agriculture, the countryside and rural residents as the number one priority in the work agenda of the entire Party. This strategy will not only guide our current initiatives, but also our long-term efforts. Though both the proportion of agriculture in the economy and the scale of the rural population will decrease in the future, agriculture will always be a foundation of the national economy, and problems pertaining to agriculture, the countryside and farmers will always have a strong bearing on our overall situation. This should be emphasized both at the present and in the future, both in rural areas and in urban areas, and both in publicity efforts and in practice. Leading cadres at all levels should set an example in implementing the strategy of prioritizing the efforts pertaining to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
二是始终尊重农民意愿。要在认识上和感情上端正对农民的态度，无论做决策还是抓工作，都要设身处地为农民着想，认真听取群众意见。要切实转变思想和工作作风，不要擅自替农民做主、代农民决策，更不能搞强迫命令。即使是为农民办好事，也要允许农民有一个认识和接受的过程，不要追求整齐划一、一步到位。目前农民的分化程度在不断加深，不同人考虑问题的出发点和利益诉求不完全一样。在农村开展各项工作，不仅要体现多数人的意愿，也要充分考虑少数人的特殊情况和合理要求。
Second, we should always respect the will of rural residents. We should maintain a sound attitude towards rural residents in terms of our understanding of them and our feelings for them. Regardless of whether we are making decisions or launching initiatives, we should put ourselves in their position and solicit their opinions. We should change our way of thinking and our style of work. We should not make decisions on behalf of rural residents, nor should we take coercive measures. We should give rural residents the chance to understand and accept our initiatives, and should not expect them to change overnight, even if what we are doing is for their benefit. We should not expect to make uniform progress across the board and get the job done in one go. As a group, rural residents have become increasingly diverse, with different people having different points of view and different demands. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the wishes of the majority, but also take into consideration the special cases and reasonable demands of the minority, whilst carrying out our work in rural areas.
三是始终维护农民权益。在经济上充分关心农民的物质利益、在政治上切实保障农民的民主权利，这是党的十一届三中全会确立的重要指导思想，也是30多年来农村改革发展取得巨大成就的重要原因。必须适应利益关系的深刻变化和社会进步的要求，以新的思路和举措更好地维护农民权益。尊重农民的物质利益，不仅要增加农民的生产经营收入，而且要更加重视维护农民在土地、财产、就业、社会保障和公共服务等方面的权益。保障农民的民主权利，不仅要让农民按自己的意愿参加村委会换届选举，而且要更加重视扩大村民自治范围，完善与农民政治参与意识不断提高相适应的乡镇治理机制。
Third, we should always safeguard the rights and interests of rural residents. We should pay close attention to the material interests of rural residents economically, and effectively safeguard their democratic rights politically. This is an important guiding ideology that was adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee, and has contributed to our great achievements in rural reform and development over more than three decades. We must adapt to social progress and the profound changes taking place in the relationships between different interests, and adopt new ideas and measures in order to better safeguard the rights and interests of rural residents. We must respect the material interests of farmers. Thus, we should not only work to increase their income from farming, but also place emphasis on ensuring their rights and interests in regard to land, property, employment, social safety nets, and public services. On the other hand, we should safeguard the democratic rights of rural residents. In addition to ensuring that rural residents are able to participate in the election of village committees at their own free will, we should also devote more efforts to expanding the scope of the autonomous administration of villages. Moreover, we should improve our system for the governance of townships, tailoring the system to the increasing will of rural residents to participate in the administration of political affairs.
四是始终坚持从实际出发。农业农村发展越是形势喜人，越要保持清醒头脑。改变历史形成的农村落后面貌，要靠长期的艰苦奋斗，循序渐进地解决问题。农村情况千差万别，发展不可能一个模式，必须因地制宜、量力而行，切忌急功近利、一哄而起。要在吃透民情上下功夫，做扎实细致的调查研究，了解农村的真实情况和群众的真实想法，使决策和工作更加切合实际。农村改革走到今天，确实需要加强顶层设计，但农民群众始终是改革的力量源泉，要最大限度地保护和激发农民群众的创造力。
Fourth, we must stay grounded in reality. The more progress we make in agricultural and rural development, the more important it becomes to maintain a clear head. The underdevelopment of our rural areas is a consequence of history. To turn this situation around, we need to work hard over a long period of time and resolve problems on a step-by-step basis. The realities in our rural areas are hugely diverse, which means that rural regions cannot follow a single development model. We must carry out work in consideration of local characteristics and in line with our capacity, and guard against seeking quick and easy gains or being rash. We must make efforts to stay fully informed about popular opinion and launch solid and careful investigations and studies in order to ascertain the actual situations in rural areas and the genuine demands of rural residents. These will allow us to better base our decisions and initiatives on reality. At the current stage of rural reform in China, it is necessary that we improve our top-level design. However, rural residents will always be the source of strength for reform. Therefore, we must protect and stimulate the creativity of rural residents to the greatest possible extent.
五是始终按政策和法律办事。要牢固树立依法行政的理念，严格按照政策和法律开展工作，既不能缺位也不能越位。政策和法律不仅是约束，也是保护。善于用政策凝聚人心，通过认真执行和落实政策，可以把农民团结到党和政府的周围。善于运用国家法律，引导农民用法律手段维护自身权益，有利于促进农村社会稳定。新从事“三农”工作的同志，尤其要抓紧系统学习农村政策和法律，了解农村改革的历程、农村体制和政策的沿革，尽快掌握农村工作要领。
Fifth, we should always carry out initiatives in accordance with policies and laws. We must establish the idea of administration in accordance with the law. We should approach our work strictly in line with policies and laws, neither falling short of what is required nor overstepping our bounds. This is because policies and laws not only impose constraints, but also provide protection. We should be adept at bringing rural residents together, and uniting them behind the government and the Party through the careful implementation of policies. In addition, we should be adept in the application of laws, so that we can guide rural residents in safeguarding their rights and interests through legal means. This is conducive to social stability in rural areas. Those who are new to work concerning agriculture, rural areas and rural residents should step up their efforts to familiarize themselves with the policies and laws related to rural work, the history of rural reforms, and the evolution of rural systems and policies, so as to master the basics of rural initiatives.
(本文系温家宝同志2011年12月27日在中央农村工作会议上的讲话摘要。 )
(This is an extract of a speech delivered by the author at the Central Conference on Rural Work on December 27, 2011.)
（编辑:鸿雁）
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