温家宝中国农业和农村的发展道路之六
时间:2013/1/1 来源:新东方 浏览次数:874
三、努力确保2012年农业农村发展好势头
III. Ensuring positive trends in agricultural and rural development in 2012
当前，宏观调控面临的形势复杂严峻，特别是经济增长下行压力和物价上涨压力并存，做好农业农村工作具有特殊重要的意义。对2012年的农业生产，特别是粮食生产，各地区各部门务必高度重视，并采取切实有效措施，真正做到思想不麻痹、政策不减弱、工作不松懈、投入有增加，确保农业再夺丰收。
At present, we are facing complex and serious challenges in the macro-regulation of the economy. In particular, we are coming under the combined pressure of a slowdown in economic growth and rising goods prices. Under such circumstances, it is of specific importance that we deliver a good performance in our initiatives concerning agriculture and rural areas. Governments and departments at all levels must attach great importance to agricultural production in 2012, especially grain production. In order to ensure a good harvest this year, we should take effective measures to remain alert, stay focused on policies, keep up work initiatives, and increase investment.
一要抓好粮食和农业生产。继续提高粮食最低收购价，加大粮食生产补贴力度，鼓励和引导农民稳定粮食播种面积。大力推广农业技术，特别是防灾减灾、稳产高产技术，深入开展粮棉油糖高产创建活动，着力提高单产水平。继续实施新增千亿斤粮食生产能力规划，加快提升800个产粮大县(市、区、场)生产能力。深入开展粮食稳定增产行动，整合强化各方面政策，有效调动农民、地方政府和农业科技人员“三个积极性”。积极扶持蔬菜、生猪和牛羊肉等“菜篮子”产品生产，切实抓好农产品质量安全监管，销区和大城市郊区要保持必要的生产能力。
First, we must devote efforts to grain production and agricultural production. We should continue to raise minimum grain purchase prices and increase subsidies for grain production in order to motivate farmers and keep our current crop acreage steady. We should spread the use of agricultural technologies, especially technologies used to prevent and mitigate natural disasters and technologies to stabilize and increase production. Moreover, we should launch a campaign to achieve high yields in the output of grain, cotton, cooking oil, and sugar, and thereby increase our output per unit area. We will continue to implement the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons, and boost the production capacity of 800 counties, cities, districts, and farms with high grain yields. We should carry out an in-depth campaign to steadily increase grain yields, integrate and intensify various policies, and effectively unleash the enthusiasm of rural residents, local governments and agricultural technological personnel. We should actively bolster the production of non-staple foods such as vegetables, pork, beef, and mutton, and devote efforts to the supervision of the quality and safety of farm produce. In addition, we must ensure that purchasing regions and the rural districts that surround major cities maintain the necessary production capacity.
二要加强农产品流通和市场调控。统筹规划全国农产品流通设施布局，加快全国性、区域性骨干批发市场建设和改造，推进大宗农产品仓储物流设施建设，扶持农民专业合作社和种养大户建设产地仓储保鲜设施。加强农产品供求的信息服务，加快推进生产与消费对接，支持发展直供直销，清理农产品流通环节各种收费，有效降低流通成本。加强农产品市场调控，进一步完善重要农产品临时收储办法，健全粮棉油糖等农产品储备制度。加强农产品进出口调控，降低国际市场波动对国内市场的影响。
Second, we should focus efforts on the circulation of agricultural produce and market regulation. We should formulate master plans for the layout of the facilities for the circulation of agricultural produce nationwide. We need to build and upgrade major nationwide and regional wholesale markets, develop facilities for the storage and distribution of bulk agricultural produce, and help specialized farmer cooperatives and large farming or breeding households to build facilities for the storage of produce. We should provide farmers with more information concerning the supply and demand of agricultural produce, promote the link between production and consumption, and support the development of direct supply and purchase between farmers and consumers. In addition, we should streamline various fees collected during the circulation of agricultural produce, so as to effectively lower circulation costs. On the other hand, we should strengthen the regulation of the agricultural produce market, further improve measures concerning the temporary purchase and storage of major agricultural produce, and improve the system for the stockpiling of grain, cotton, cooking oil, and sugar. We should strengthen regulation of the import and export of farm produce, thereby bolstering the immunity of the domestic market to fluctuations in the international market.
三要加大投入力度。现在需要财政花钱的地方很多，支出压力很大，我们宁愿少上点建设项目、压缩些其他方面开支，也要确保“三农”投入。突出重点，加大对主产区、特别是粮食和生猪等生产大县的支持。有效整合国家投入，提高资金使用效率，切实加强资金监管，坚决制止、严厉查处违规行为。引导更多信贷资金投向“三农”，大中型银行要履行为农服务义务，加快发展适合农村特点的小型金融机构，积极发展多种形式的小额信贷。
Third, we should increase investment. We are now facing significant pressure to provide funds for the many areas that require government investment. Despite this, we will ensure government spending on agriculture, rural areas and rural residents, even if this means reducing investment in construction projects and other areas. We should focus on supporting major producing regions, especially counties with high grain output or high pig output. We should effectively integrate government investment, raise the efficiency of fund use, tighten fund supervision, and be resolute in putting an end to and severely punishing acts in violation of regulations. We should direct more credit funds towards agriculture, rural areas and rural residents, and urge medium and large-sized banks to fulfill their obligations in serving these three aspects. In addition, we should accelerate the development of small-scale financial institutions in accordance with rural characteristics, and actively develop various forms of microfinance in rural areas.
四要深化农村改革。抓好农村土地管理的基础性制度建设，稳步推进各类土地的确权登记颁证工作。集体林权制度改革要基本完成明晰产权、承包到户的改革任务，草原承包改革要加快步伐。继续抓好农村综合改革，做好公益性乡村债务清理化解工作。深入推进农业科技体制改革，加快建立新型农业科技创新和农技推广的体制机制，2012年务必完成乡镇或区域性农技推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构建设任务。认真总结统筹城乡发展综合配套改革试点经验，做好农村改革试验区工作。
Fourth, we should deepen rural reforms. We should promote the development of a fundamental system for the administration of rural land, and steadily promote our efforts to confirm, register and certify the ownership of rural land. In our efforts to reform tenure in collective forests, we should basically complete the tasks of clarifying the ownership of collective forestland and concluding contracts with individual households for forestry operations. Moreover, we should accelerate the reform of the contract system for grasslands. We will proceed with the comprehensive reform of rural areas, and work toward the clearance and settlement of public welfare related debts in rural areas. We should promote the reform of the agricultural science and technology system, and accelerate the establishment of a new mechanism for innovations in agricultural science and technology and the promotion of new technologies. In 2012, we must complete the task of establishing public service agencies at the levels of township, town or region for the purpose of introducing agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemic diseases, and regulating the quality of farm produce. We should learn from our experiences in launching trials for the comprehensive reform aimed at balancing urban and rural development, and devote efforts to pilot districts for rural reforms.
五要保障和改善农村民生。农村安全饮水、电网改造、道路、沼气、危房改造等，要按照规划要求扎实推进。落实发展农村义务教育的各项政策，突出解决学生安全和营养等问题，加快出台校车安全条例和管理办法，实施好学生营养改善计划。加快农村文化建设，扎实抓好农村各项文化惠民工程。进一步减轻农民看病负担，新型农村合作医疗筹资标准从230元提到300元，国家补助由200元提高到240元。新型农村社会养老保险要实现全覆盖。农村最低生活保障要提高规范化管理水平，真正让困难群众受益。
Fifth, we must ensure and improve the public well-being in rural areas. We should steadily push forward the construction of safe drinking water facilities, roads and methane generation projects and the renovation of the power grid and dilapidated buildings in rural areas as we have planned. We should implement policies on developing compulsory education in rural areas, with the focus on resolving problems related to the safety and nutrition of rural students. We should accelerate the formulation of regulations for the safety and management of school buses, and implement plans for the improvement of the nutritional level of rural students. We should accelerate cultural development and launch various cultural schemes for public benefit in rural areas. We will further lighten the financial burden of medical services on rural residents. The per capita funding standard for rural residents covered by the new rural cooperative medical care system has been increased from 230 yuan to 300 yuan, of which the per capita government subsidy has been increased from 200 yuan to 240 yuan accordingly. We need to extend the coverage of the new rural pension insurance system to all rural residents. We should standardize the administration of the basic living allowance system in rural areas, thereby allowing this system to truly benefit those with financial difficulties.
（编辑:鸿雁）
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