翻译技巧 | 汉译英中标点符号的转换(二)
标点符号用来表示句子之间以及句子中各成分之间的关系,使文字所反映的思想内容明确清楚,易于读者了解。在翻译过程中,译文的准确和通顺与否,在相当程度上取决于对标点符号的运用,其中包括标点符号的转换。原文中的标点符号不能也不应照搬到译文中。英语与汉语在标点符号的使用上存在一定差异,而且汉译英后的语言结构发生变化,标点符号的使用也必须相应地变动。
汉语中,表示词语并列时往往采用顿号,而英语中与之相对应的是逗号。例如:
棉花、油料、大豆、丝、茶、黄麻、甘蔗、水果等项指标,请你们提出数字,待商。
As for cotton, oil-bearing crops, soya beans, silks, tea, jute, sugar cane, fruit and other items, please suggest a quota for each item for discussion.
汉语中,表示较强烈语气时多采用惊叹号,而英语中一般采用句号与之呼应。例如:
我不管!谁收了人家的东西谁跟人家走!
I don’t have any part of them. If you want this things, you marry him.
这样稀奇的事?活了几十年,还没见过嘞!
Do such strange things really happen? I’ve lived more than half a century, but I’ve never seen anything like that.
(一) 分号转换成逗号加连词
解放那年,人家要娶亲;但她拒绝了。
The year the region was liberated, the man wanted to have the wedding performed, but she refused.
她猛地哭叫起来了;可是没有眼泪地干哭。
Suddenly she started crying and sobbing, but she shed no real tears.
(二) 破折号转换成逗号
她——我那永生难忘的朋友用她最后坚强的声明教育了我。
She, the friend who will always live in my heart, set me an example by her fearless fight and heroic death.
灰暗的顶空卷着大块乌云,而沙河上游 – 东北方的天空,却高悬着黑洞洞的长龙般的雨柱。
The sombre grey sky overhead suddenly lightened but away to the northeast, over the upper reaches of the River Sha, a tall dark pillar of rain hung from the sky like a long dragon.
(三) 逗号转换成破折号
你是为那灯盏里点的是两茎灯草,不放心,恐费了油。
You’re worried because there are two wicks in the lamp – that’s a waste of oil.
她现在跑到几百里外,……冒雨走路的劲头,就是同那天上台讲话的劲头相联系的。
Now here he was several hundred li from home, striding through the rain with vigour – a vigour stemming from that same enthusiasm which had possessed him the day he mounted the conference platform.
(四) 冒号转换成连词
他说:最初,他的任务是长期在重庆大学秘密监视学生的进步活动。
He said that his assignment at first had been to spy on the progressive student movement at Chongqing University.
(一) 汉译英中,问号、引号、括号等通常不转换。
(二) 汉译英中,逗号往往被省去。
主要出现在以下两种情况:
1. 原文由于主句太长或为了强调主语,常在主语和谓语之间用逗号点开,译成英语时一般都省去都好。例如:
这个朴素、孤单的魅力少女,立刻引起了车上旅客们的注意。
Soon this solitary, attractive but simply clad girl had aroused the interest of her fellow passengers.
这个农村中的伟大变革过程,要求在艺术作品上取得反应。
This tremendous transformation in the countryside demands expression in works of art and literature.
2. 原文句首表示时间、地点的状语,通常多用逗号分开,译成英语时,时间、地点状语后面的逗号可省去。例如:
山东省一个偏僻的山村里,住着一家姓李的人,这家人家只有祖父和孙女两个。
In a remote mountain village in Shandong there lived a family of two Old Li and his grand-daughter.
莲水城外,淤河两岸将黄色的田野,寂寞地躺着。
Outside the city of Lianshui the umber fields lay silent along the banks of the River Yu.
来源:同文世纪翻译,转载请注明出处!
(编辑:T-win)