2022年度词汇：柯林斯选了啥？
11月1日，柯林斯词典（Collins Dictionary）公布了2022年度词汇——permacrisis /ˈpɜːməˌkraɪsɪs/，意为“长期不稳定和不安全”。
"Permacrisis", a term that describes "an extended period of instability and insecurity", has been named Collins Word of the Year 2022.
柯林斯词典在其官方网页中是这样描述 permacrisis 的：
"a term that perfectly embodies the dizzying sense of lurching from one unprecedented event to another, as we wonder bleakly what new horrors might be around the corner."
“这个词完美展现了在一件前所未有的大事发生以后又迎来另外一件而带来的眩晕感，因为我们都沮丧不安，又想知道接下来又会发生些什么不好的事情。”
柯林斯词典认为，选择这个词是因为它“非常简洁地总结了2022年对人们来说是多么糟糕”。
Collins said it chose the word as it "sums up quite succinctly how truly awful 2022 has been for so many people".
柯林斯词典意在强调目前英国乃至世界曾面临过和仍将持续应对的各种危机，其中包括政治不稳定、乌克兰战争、气候变化、生活成本危机等。
It is one of several words Collins highlights that relate to ongoing crises the UK and the world have faced and continue to face, including political instability, the war in Ukraine, climate change, and the cost-of-living crisis.
据《卫报》（The Guardian）报道，柯林斯词典会通过监控其180亿个单词的数据库和一系列包括社交媒体在内的媒体来源，评选年度新词和热词榜单。
“柯林斯学习”（Collins Learning）总经理亚历克斯·比克罗夫特（Alex Beecroft）表示，这份榜单反映了“全球现状”（the state of the world right now）。
除了 permacrisis，上榜的年度热词还包括：
/ˈwɔ:mˌbæŋk/
a heated building where people who cannot afford to heat their own homes may go.
形容为因能源成本飙升而难以取暖的人们提供的温馨、温暖的空间。
/ˌkwaɪət ˈkwɪtɪŋ/
1. the practice of doing no more work than one is contractually obliged to do, esp in order to spend more time on personal activities.
形容在工作中只完成基本职责，更倾向于把时间花在私人活动中；
2. the practice of doing little or no work while being present at one’s place of employment.
上班期间偷懒，逃避工作。
/ˈpaːtɪˌgeɪt/
a political scandal over social gatherings held in British government offices during 2020 and 2021 in defiance of the public-health restrictions that prevailed at the time.
指2020年、2021年疫情期间，英国前首相约翰逊与其政府人员违反防疫政策，进行社交聚会的“派对门”丑闻。
/ˈspluːtɪŋ/
the act of lying flat on the stomach with the legs stretched out.
指（为应对高温天气）四肢伸直、趴在凉爽的表面上的行为。
/ˈlɔːˌfɛə/
the strategic use of legal proceedings to intimidate or hinder an opponent.
指战略性地使用法律程序来恐吓或阻碍对手。
/ˈvaɪbˌʃɪft/
a significant change in a prevailing cultural atmosphere or trend.
指主流氛围或文化的重大改变。
/ˈspɔ:tsˌwɒʃɪŋ/
a term for organisations and countries that use sports activities to enhance their reputations or distract from unacceptable policies. Qatar, the host of the 2022 football World Cup starting this month, has been accused of sportswashing after concerns over the mistreatment of migrant labour, homophobia and freedom of expression.
Sportswashing组织或国家如何利用体育宣传(举办奥运会或锦标赛等)来提高声誉，或转移人们对有争议的活动或政策的注意力。
/ˌkærəˈliːən/
refers to the new monarchical era after the end of the second Elizabethan age this year and the accession of King Charles.
标志着伊丽莎白二世时代的结束和查尔斯国王统治的开始。
来源：Collins Dictionary、The Guardian、中国日报双语新闻、环球时报、大学云英语。仅供交流、学习之用，版权归原作者、原出处所有，若有侵犯了您的合法权益，请联系我们进行更正、删除，谢谢！
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