时政翻译中“精神”一词的译法举例
“精神”一词在不同语境下有不同译法,本文将列举在阅读《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷英译本时遇到的若干译法作为学习资料。
【原文】 紧紧围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义学习宣传贯彻党的十八大精神(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第6页)
【译文】Study, Disseminate and Implement the Guiding Principles of the 18th CPC National Congress(Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P6)
原文是一次讲话的标题,此处的“精神”指会议精神,即会议的指导原则和工作重点等内容,因此译作“guiding principles”。
这是翻译“精神”时很容易想到的对应词语,在一些语境中可以使用,如下列译例。
【原文】所以必须始终把改革创新精神贯彻到治国理政各个环节(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第13页)
【译文】this is why we must always apply the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance(Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P14)
【原文】全国各族人民一定要弘扬伟大的民族精神和时代精神(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第40页)
【译文】Our people of all ethnic groups must foster the great national spirit and follow the call of the times(Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P42)
此处的“民族精神”译为“national spirit”,而“时代精神”转化为“跟随时代召唤”的含义,没有明确译出“精神”一词。
【原文】我国工人阶级一定要在坚持中国道路、弘扬中国精神、凝聚中国力量上发挥模范带头作用,万众一心、众志成城,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而不懈奋斗。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第44页)
【译文】The working class of our country must play an exemplary and leading role in taking the Chinese path, fostering the Chinese spirit and building up China’s strength, and make concerted efforts to realize the Chinese Dream. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P47)
【原文】我们的国家,我们的民族,从积贫积弱一步一步走到今天的发展繁荣,靠的就是一代又一代人的顽强拼搏,靠的就是中华民族自强不息的奋斗精神。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第52页)
【译文】From poverty to prosperity, and from weakness to strength, China has been able to progress step by step over centuries thanks to the tenacity of one generation after another, and to the nation’s spirit of constant self-improvement through hard work. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P56)
例3-例5对“spirit”的用法较为相近,均指民族或国家精神。
【原文】没有理想信念,就会导致精神上“缺钙”。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第50页)
【译文】Without ideals and convictions one’s spirit becomes weak. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P54)
《牛津词典》中对“spirit”的解释之一是:“the part of a person that includes their mind, feelings and character rather than their body 精神;心灵”。这里用于指个人的精神状态、思想意志、品格和情感等。
【原文】应该把学习作为首要任务,作为一种责任、一种精神追求、一种生活方式(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第51页)
【译文】You should regard learning as a top priority, a responsibility, a moral support and a lifestyle. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P55)
“moral support”指“the act of giving encouragement by showing your approval and interest, rather than by giving financial or practical support 道义上的支持;精神支持”(摘自《牛津词典》)
【原文】永远要有逢山开路、遇河架桥的精神,锐意进取,大胆探索。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第21页)
【译文】Never should we hesitate to blaze new trails,bridge rivers, forge ahead with determination, and audaciously explore new territory.(Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P23)
【原文】第四,必须大力弘扬劳模精神、发挥劳模作用。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第46页)
【译文】Fourth, we must emulate model workers. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P49)
【原文】铸就了“爱岗敬业、争创一流,艰苦奋斗、勇于创新,淡泊名利、甘于奉献”的劳模精神。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第46页)
【译文】They have nurtured the ethos of the model workers, namely, dedication to work, striving for excellence, working hard,being bold in innovating, not being lured by fame and wealth, and being ready to make sacrifices. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P49)
《牛津词典》中对“ethos”的解释是:“the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society (某团体或社会的)道德思想,道德观”。
【原文】爱国主义始终是把中华民族坚强团结在一起的精神力量,改革创新始终是鞭策我们在改革开放中与时俱进的精神力量。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第40页)
【译文】Patriotism has always been the inner force that binds the Chinese nation together, and reform and innovation have always been the inner force that spurs us to keep abreast of the times in the course of reform and opening up. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P42)
【原文】实现我们的发展目标,不仅要在物质上强大起来,而且要在精神上强大起来。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第46页)
【译文】To meet our development goals, we must enrich ourselves not only materially but culturally and ethically as well. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P49)
这里的“精神”与“物质”相对应,同样,“精神文明”一词也可作“cultural and ethical advancement”等。如:
【原文】我国物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明将全面提升(十九大报告)
【译文】New heights are reached in every dimension of material, political, cultural and ethical, social, and ecological advancement.
【原文】一个民族的文明素养很大程度上体现在青年一代的道德水准和精神风貌上。(《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷第52页)
【译文】The cultural attainment of a nation is represented mostly by the morality and mental outlook of the younger gene ration. (Xi Jinping The Governance of China,P57)
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