脱贫摘帽、扶贫、减贫... 如何用英语表达?
23日下午,贵州宣布紫云县等最后9个贫困县退出贫困县序列,标志着贵州省66个贫困县已脱贫摘帽。加上21日甘肃宣布最后8个贫困县脱贫摘帽,20日广西宣布8个贫困县摘帽,以及11月新疆、云南、四川等省区市先后宣布贫困县清零,至此,全国22个省区市共832个贫困县,全部实现脱贫摘帽。 2020年是我国现行标准下农村人口脱贫、贫困县摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困的收官之年。 来看CGTN的报道↓ China has eliminated absolute poverty one month before its self-imposed deadline after the last nine impoverished counties in the southwestern province of Guizhou were removed from the poverty list on Monday. 11月23日,贵州省最后9个县退出贫困县序列,标志着中国提前一个月实现消除绝对贫困的目标。 Since last week, authorities in the last provinces and autonomous regions with poverty-stricken counties have successively declared their localities absolute poverty-free following extensive inspections. They include Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Gansu Province. 上周起,在通过全面验收后,最后一批有贫困县的省份和自治区宣布当地成功脱贫,其中包括新疆维吾尔自治区、宁夏回族自治区、广西壮族自治区、云南省、四川省和甘肃省。 Guizhou was the final provincial-level area to declare victory over absolute poverty. 贵州是最后一个宣布赢得脱贫攻坚战的省级地区。 China has set the goal of eliminating extreme poverty by the end of 2020. 中国计划于2020年底前消除极端贫困。 随着全国成功实现脱贫摘帽,关于“脱贫”的话题也必将成为各大考试的考点。那么,“脱贫”“减贫”“扶贫”用英语该怎么说呢?小编汇总了一些官方译法,供小伙伴们参考↓ “脱贫”的译法 脱贫的意思是摆脱贫困。2015年11月27日至28日,中央扶贫开发工作会议在北京召开。11月29日,《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》发布。 “脱贫”常见的官方译法有以下几种↓ 01 poverty elimination 据牛津词典的释义,eliminate的词义是to remove or get rid of sth/sb,即排除、清除、消除。因此,官方常用poverty elimination来表达“脱贫”或“消除贫困”。 例如在外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中关于“脱贫”有如下描述: 要通过改变生存环境、提高生活水平、提高生产能力实现脱贫,还要有巩固脱贫的后续计划、措施、保障。 Efforts should be made to improve local living environment, raise the local living standard, and enhance people’s ability to work, and follow-up plans and measures are also needed to sustain the results of poverty elimination. 02 poverty alleviation 对于“脱贫”一词,官方也采用过“poverty alleviation”的译法。Alleviate意为to make sth less severe,表示减轻、缓和、缓解。 在2019年的政府工作报告中就采用了“poverty alleviation”的译法: 报告提出,加大精准脱贫力度。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上,完成易地扶贫搬迁280万人。 We will step up targeted poverty alleviation. This year, we will further reduce the poor rural population by over 10 million, including 2.8 million people who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas. 03 lift out of poverty lift的意思是to raise sb/sth or be raised to a higher position or level,这一译法比较形象,lift out of poverty的字面意思是“从贫穷状态中被举起”,即“脱离贫困”的意思。 例如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 从脱贫攻坚任务看,2018至2020年,还有3000万左右农村贫困人口需要脱贫。 According to China’s timetable for poverty elimination, about 30 million impoverished people are to be lifted out of poverty from 2018 to 2020. 04 poverty eradication eradicate的词义是to destroy or get rid of sth completely, especially sth bad根除、消除,poverty eradication意味着从根源上消除贫困。 2019年政府工作报告中对“脱贫”有如下描述: 脱贫致富离不开产业支撑,要大力扶持贫困地区发展特色优势产业。 The eradication of poverty and achievement of prosperity cannot happen without the support of industries. 05 end poverty end作动词是终止、终结的意思,to end poverty即终止贫困。 例如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 引导和支持所有有劳动能力的人立足当地资源,实现就地脱贫,依靠自己的双手开创美好明天。 All those with the ability to work should be guided and encouraged to work for a better future with their own hands and rely on local resources to end poverty. 在关于“脱贫”的表述中,“脱贫摘帽”也是个常见词汇,它的常见官方译法为“lift out of poverty”。 例如CGTN在关于全国脱贫摘帽的报道中提到: 贵州省66个国家级贫困县全部脱贫摘帽。 All 66 impoverished counties in southwest China's Guizhou Province have been lifted out of poverty. 另外,在关于“脱贫”的表述中,“脱贫攻坚战”也是较为常见的一个词。官方对于“脱贫攻坚”或“打赢脱贫攻坚战”的译法主要有以下几种: 01 poverty elimination/ poverty elimination campaign “脱贫攻坚”有时也直接翻译成“脱贫”,如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 中国脱贫攻坚目标是在2020年解决区域性整体贫困问题。 The country is expected to eliminate overall regional poverty by the year 2020. 脱贫攻坚不仅是要使贫困人口如期全部脱贫,还要使贫困地区经济社会发展上一个台阶。 The goals of China’s poverty elimination campaign are to lift all disadvantaged people out of poverty as scheduled, and to bring local economic and social development to a higher level. 02 declare victory over poverty declare victory是宣告胜利的意思,宣告战胜贫困意味着打赢了脱贫攻坚战。 如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 中国的新疆维吾尔自治区和云南省宣告成功消除绝对贫困。 China's Xinjiang and Yunnan declare victory over absolute poverty. 03 win the battle against poverty win the battle与declare victory译法相近,强调的是战胜贫困。 如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 打响脱贫攻坚战以来,中共中央制定贫困地区特色产业发展规划,针对产业脱贫出台专项政策。 To win the battle against poverty, the central leadership has worked out a plan for developing new economic activity in poor areas with a host of supporting policies. 中共十九大报告提出坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战。 The CPC set the task of winning the battle against poverty in its report to the 19th National Congress. “扶贫”的译法 扶贫是保障贫困户的合法权益、取消贫困负担、促进生产摆脱贫困的一种社会工作。国务院扶贫开发自1986年开始。 “扶贫”的官方译法主要有以下几种: 01 poverty alleviation alleviate意为to make sth less severe,即减轻、缓和的意思。我们看到,官方除了在上述“脱贫”的表述中使用poverty alleviation外,还用其表示“扶贫”。 例如李克强总理在2019年政府工作报告中提到: 开展扶贫领域腐败和作风问题专项治理,改进考核监督方式。 We will take targeted measures against corruption and misconduct in poverty alleviation, and improve the methods used in evaluation and oversight. 02 poverty relief relief在牛津词典中的定义是food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where has been a war or natural disaster,即救济、援助的释义,poverty relief就有帮扶贫困地区和贫困人口的意思。 例如China Daily的报道中提到: 10月17日是第六个国家扶贫日,国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室表示,预计到今年年底,全国95%现行标准的贫困人口将实现脱贫。 Ninety-five percent of the country's poor population will escape poverty by the end of the year, China's top poverty relief office said on Friday in the run-up to the sixth National Poverty Relief Day on Oct 17. 03 poverty reduction 外交部发言人赵立坚在11月20日回答记者提问时提到: “精准扶贫”、“因地制宜”等中国特色扶贫理念越来越受到国际社会关注。 China's visions on poverty alleviation, including "targeted poverty reduction" and "tailoring policies to local conditions", are drawing more and more attention from the international community. 从上述例子中,我们可以看到常见的一个说法“精准扶贫”的译法,除了译作targeted poverty reduction外,还可译作targeted poverty alleviation或targeted poverty relief,例如: 精准扶贫、精准脱贫深入人心。 Targeted poverty alleviation and elimination have gained extensive support across the country. “减贫”的译法 减贫,就是减少贫困户,帮助贫困人口解决温饱问题,帮助其改善生产生活条件和享受基本公共服务。 减贫一般翻译为poverty reduction,官方译法也可见poverty eradication。 Reduction的动词为reduce,意为减少,poverty reduction为减贫的直接译法。 如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到: 改革开放40多年来,中国经济社会发展取得巨大成就,几亿贫困人口脱贫,完成这期间全世界超70%的减贫任务。 Since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, China has made great economic and social progress. The hundreds of millions of people that China has lifted out of poverty account for over 70 percent of global poverty reduction during the period. 外交部发言人赵立坚在11月20日回答记者提问时提到: 中国通过实际行动,为世界减贫事业提供帮助。 China is taking concrete actions to support poverty eradication worldwide. 相关文章: 转载自译世界,来源:CGTN、《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》、政府工作报告、牛津词典等。版权归原作者所有,仅供学习交流,若有侵犯了您的合法权益,请联系我们进行更正、删除,谢谢!
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