CATTI 备考材料：王毅在联合国经社理事会高级别会议上的讲话
坚定捍卫多边主义，推动构建人类命运共同体
Firmly Uphold Multilateralism and Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
——在联合国经社理事会“新冠肺炎疫情后的多边主义：在成立75周年之际，我们需要什么样的联合国”高级别会议的发言
– Written statement to the ECOSOC high-level conversation “Multilateralism after COVID-19: what kind of UN do we need at the 75th anniversary?”
国务委员兼外交部长 王毅
H.E. Wang Yi, State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
2020年7月17日
17 July 2020
尊敬的古特雷斯秘书长，
主席女士，
女士们，先生们：
Secretary-General António Guterres,
Madam President,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
75年前，我们的先辈经过浴血奋战，赢得世界反法西斯战争的胜利。联合国应运而生，求和平、谋发展、促人权成为国际合作主流声音，多边主义成为不可逆转的时代潮流。75年风雨兼程，联合国作为代表性最强、权威性最高、机制最完备的合作平台，成为全球治理和国际体系的核心，为维护世界和平、促进可持续发展发挥着不可或缺的作用，作出不可磨灭的贡献。
Seventy-five years ago, our fathers’ generation won the epic victory of the World anti-Fascist War following a heroic struggle. The ensuing decades witnessed the founding of the United Nations, countries working together to promote peace, development and human rights, and an inexorable trend toward multilateralism.
Over the past three quarters of a century, the UN has traversed a momentous journey. It has evolved into the most representative, authoritative and full-fledged cooperation platform, and the centerpiece of global governance and the international system. It has played an irreplaceable role and made indelible contributions to maintaining world peace and promoting sustainable development.
75年后的今天，国际局势已发生重大变化，新冠肺炎疫情又给世界带来巨大冲击，多重挑战给国际社会带来的最重要启示是，我们面临的是一个传统与非传统安全威胁相互交织的时代，各国利益紧密相连，人类已日益成为不可分割的命运共同体。
Seventy-five years on, our world has seen profound shifts, accentuated by the enormous impact of COVID-19. The myriad challenges before us have driven home the fact that this is an era of intertwined traditional and non-traditional security threats as well as inter-connected interests of all countries, and our world is increasingly an indivisible community with a shared future.
面对百年未有之大变局，我们需要一个什么样的联合国？这是各国应该深入思考的问题。就此，中方的看法是：
What kind of UN do we need amid the once-in-a-century changes? This is a question requiring deep reflection by all. From China’s perspective, our times calls for:
——我们需要一个维护和平安全、捍卫公平正义的联合国。和平是人类的永恒期盼，也是联合国的核心支柱。然而，现实与梦想还有明显差距。2019年，10场冲突中共计2万多名平民在军事袭击中伤亡，数百万人流离失所。冷战遗毒仍然存在，和平之路任重道远，要实现“免后世再遭惨不堪言之战祸”的宗旨，联合国应该讲公道话、办公道事，高举公平正义旗帜，发挥安理会维护国际和平与安全的首要作用。要坚持维和行动三原则，推动以对话、斡旋、谈判等方式和平解决冲突，维护战略平衡与稳定，推进国际军控与防扩散进程。要以发展促和平，打破“贫困引发冲突，冲突破坏发展”的恶性循环，标本兼治解决冲突根源，维护国际和地区和平与稳定，实现长治久安。
– A United Nations that safeguards world peace and security, and fairness and justice. Peace is humanity’s eternal quest, and one of the core founding purposes of the UN. However, the dream of peace is yet to become reality. In 2019, ten conflicts left more than 20,000 civilians killed or injured in military attacks, and millions were displaced. The specter of the Cold War continues to haunt us, and the road to peace remains tortuous.
To live up to its mission of “saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war and untold sorrow”, the UN must speak and act impartially and hold high the banner of fairness and justice. The Security Council needs to deliver on its primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security.
The UN must stick to the three principles of peacekeeping, facilitate peaceful settlement of conflicts through dialogue, mediation, negotiation and other peaceful means, maintain strategic balance and stability, and push forward the international arms control and non-proliferation processes.
It must prioritize development as a route to peace, break the vicious circle of poverty, conflict and lack of development, and tackle root causes while addressing the symptoms. This is conducive to long-lasting peace, stability and security at the regional and international levels.
——我们需要一个超越种族制度文化差异、促进和谐共处的联合国。联合国有193个会员国，涵盖了2000多个民族、70多亿人口。不同种族、制度、文化没有高下优劣之分，我们不认同“文明优越论”，更不接受“文明冲突论”。联合国应该倡导互相尊重、平等相待、和谐共处的理念，欣赏多样性，尊重差异性，支持各国人民根据各自国情选择社会制度和发展道路，不搞意识形态输出，不干涉别国内政，加强交流互鉴，相互取长补短，通过真诚对话消弭隔阂与误解，在兼容并蓄中实现共同发展进步。
– A United Nations that advocates harmonious co-existence across different races, systems and cultures. With 193 member states, the UN is a family of more than seven billion people of over 2,000 ethnicities. No race, system or culture is superior to others. We do not subscribe to the idea of superiority of certain civilizations, even less the “clash of civilizations”.
The UN should be a voice for mutual respect, equality and harmonious co-existence, and for a world where diversity is appreciated, differences are respected, and the people of all countries can choose their social systems and development paths in light of their national realities.
It should reject the export of ideologies and interference in others’ internal affairs, and encourage exchanges and mutual learning. Good-faith dialogue will help bring down the wall of estrangement and misunderstanding, and enable common progress of all with openness and inclusiveness.
——我们需要一个致力于解决南北失衡、促进共同发展的联合国。生存权和发展权是基本人权。如果世界上10亿人长期处于赤贫和饥饿状态，和平与发展将无从谈起。联合国应该在进入“可持续发展行动十年”之际，倡导以人民为中心、以发展为优先的理念，加强在落实2030年可持续发展议程中的统筹协调作用，推动将发展置于全球宏观政策框架的核心位置，引导国际金融贸易体系改革方向，努力营造开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的全球发展环境。要高度重视疫情为落实2030年议程带来的困难与挑战，采取切实举措帮助发展中国家消除贫困，化解由疫情引发的人道主义危机，开创“人人免于匮乏、获得发展、享有尊严”的光明前景。
– A United Nations that champions common development by addressing the North-South gap. The right to subsistence and development are basic human rights. Peace and development would remain elusive if a billion people suffer persistent, abject poverty and hunger.
With the launch of the SDG Decade of Action, the UN needs to advocate a people-centered, pro-development agenda, strengthen its coordinating role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It needs to make development front and center of the global macro policy framework.
It needs to steer the course of reform of international financial and trading systems, and foster an enabling global environment conducive to open, inclusive and balanced development beneficial for all.
It should be sober-minded about the difficulties and challenges COVID-19 brings to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and take concrete measures to help developing countries eliminate poverty and address the humanitarian crises caused by COVID-19. This will open up a bright prospect for a world free from want, and a world of development and dignity for all.
——我们需要一个坚持与时俱进、有效应对全球挑战的联合国。面对纷繁复杂的全球挑战，无论是和平与发展，还是气候变化与传染性疾病，无论是恐怖主义与战略安全，还是数字经济、人工智能等新疆域，都需要国际社会携手共同应对。疫情加速百年未有之大变局，折射出全球治理赤字。危机之下，“去全球化”思潮沉渣泛起，国际贸易体系“碎片化”愈演愈烈，民粹思潮加速蔓延，有人在极力鼓动大国对抗、经济脱钩、体系割裂，对于这种历史倒退，必须合力加以制止。联合国应以合作共赢理念为引领，以务实行动为导向，团结会员国完善全球治理，共同应对各种新兴挑战。联合国应在坚持会员国主导、尊重各国国情、共同但有区别的责任等原则基础上，稳妥推进各领域改革，更好反映和维护会员国最大利益，帮助各方增强应对风险挑战的能力。
– A United Nations that keeps abreast of the times and effectively responds to global challenges. Our world faces a host of complex challenges, from peace and development to climate change and infectious diseases, and from terrorism and strategic security to new frontiers such as digital economy and artificial intelligence. None of them can be addressed without global efforts.
COVID-19 has accelerated the once-in-a-century shifts and exposed the deficit in global governance. Crises have renewed the de-globalization clamor, further fragmented the international trading system, and given rise to populist ideologies. There are growing attempts to stoke major country confrontation and decouple economies and systems. Such acts of regression must be stopped with united efforts.
The UN needs to stay committed to mutually beneficial cooperation, and take concrete actions to bring its member states together to improve global governance and tackle emerging challenges.
It needs to remain a member states led organization that abides by the principles of respecting countries’ national realities and common but differentiated responsibilities, and advance reforms in various areas as appropriate to better reflect and safeguard the common interests of member states as much as possible and increase their resilience against risks and challenges.
女士们、先生们，
Ladies and Gentleman,
当前形势下，无论是维护和平稳定，还是促进共同发展，无论是抗击新冠肺炎疫情，还是完善“后疫情时代”全球治理体系，联合国的作用只能加强，不能削弱，联合国的权威必须捍卫，不容侵犯。我们要肩负时代使命，展现责任担当，坚定支持联合国的核心作用，捍卫多边主义的人间正道，推动构建人类命运共同体。
To meet the challenges of our time, whether it is to pursue peace and stability, achieve common development, combat COVID-19 or improve post-COVID global governance, the world needs a stronger, not weaker, UN. The UN’s authority must be upheld, not undermined. We all have a duty to respond to the call of the times. We need to firmly support the central role of the UN, advance multilateralism and work for a community with a shared future for mankind.
第一，坚持多边主义，反对单边主义和保护主义。单边主义严重冲击国际秩序和全球治理体系，损害各国的共同利益和发展空间。保护主义是画地为牢，任何国家都不可能在孤立与封闭、以自我为中心甚至以邻为壑中实现伟大。这不是国与国之间的矛盾，而是合作共赢与零和博弈的较量，是维护正义还是纵容谬误的抉择。我们要始终站在多边主义一边，站在国际正义一边，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护以世界贸易组织为基石的多边贸易体制，加快落实2030年可持续发展议程和气候变化《巴黎协定》。我们要坚决摒弃单边主义，反对退群毁约、另起炉灶，不能为一己之私挑战破坏公认的国际规则。
First, we need to uphold multilateralism and reject unilateralism and protectionism. Unilateralism is causing serious damage to the order and governance system of our world. It has put the common interests and development space of all countries in jeopardy. Protectionism only leads to self-constraint. Isolation, self-centeredness and beggar-thy-neighbor practices will never make any country great. This is not about differences between particular countries, but rather the choice to be made between win-win cooperation and zero-sum game and between right and wrong.
We must always stand on the side of multilateralism and international justice. We must uphold the international system built around the UN, safeguard the WTO-centered multilateral trading regime and speed up the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. We need to say no to unilateralism. We need to oppose any act of walking away from international organizations and treaties or replacing them with something out of nowhere. No one should challenge or undermine universally recognized rules out of selfish interests.
第二，坚持国际关系民主化，反对霸权主义和强权政治。人类的前途命运必须由各国人民共同把握，国际上的事情应该由各国政府和人民商量着办。鼓吹本国第一，将自身利益凌驾于国际社会之上，不仅在道义上站不住脚，也注定走向失败。各国都要恪守尊重主权、独立和领土完整、互不干涉内政等国际关系基本准则，坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，坚持共商共建共享，使全球治理体系充分反映大多数国家特别是发展中国家的关切和诉求。要通过对话协商解决矛盾分歧，摒弃动辄对他国采取经济封锁、金融制裁等单边强制措施，拒绝霸凌行径和强权政治，反对粗暴介入干涉别国内政。
Second, we need to support greater democracy in international relations and reject hegemonism and power politics. The future of humanity must be decided by people of the world together. Issues that matter internationally must be addressed through consultation between nations and governments. Any country claiming that its own interests should always come first and be placed above the common interests of the global community is morally unjustified and doomed to failure. The basic norms governing international relations, such as respect for national sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity and non-interference in internal affairs, must be observed by all.
Countries, irrespective of their size, strength and wealth, are equal. Consultation, cooperation and benefit for all should be our guiding principle to help make sure that the global governance system is responsive to the concerns and needs of the majority of countries, in particular the developing ones. Dialogue and consultation should be the way forward in addressing differences and disputes, rather than unwarranted unilateral actions such as economic blockade, financial sanctions, acts of bullying and power politics, and still less gross interference in other countries’ internal affairs.
第三，坚持以国际法为基础的国际秩序，反对违法行径和双重标准。各国都居住在“地球村”，实现发展进步离不开法治和秩序。推进国际法治是人心所向，也是全球化时代的必然要求。我们要坚持契约精神和国际法治，有诺必践，有章必循，有约必守。要坚定捍卫《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，反对未经授权使用武力、退群毁约等有损国际法权威性和严肃性的行为。要用统一适用的规则明辨是非曲直，不能搞双重标准，不能“合则用，不合则弃”，不能以“法治”之名行侵害他国正当权益、破坏和平稳定之实。
Third, we need to safeguard the international order underpinned by international law and reject unlawful acts and double standards. We all live in a global village. Development and progress will not be possible without order and the rule of law. Upholding the international rule of law is what our people want and what this globalized world needs. Honoring the spirit of contract and the international rule of law are essential. Commitments must be kept; rules must be followed; agreements must be fulfilled. We must firmly uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and oppose unauthorized use of force, withdrawal from international organizations and agreements and other such behaviors that weaken the authority and sanctity of international law. We need one single set of rules, not double standards or selective application of these rules, when determining the merits of an issue. It is unacceptable to use the rule of law as a pretext to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of other countries or even undermine peace and stability.
第四，坚持团结协作，反对唯我独尊和以邻为壑。面对共同挑战，团结协作是战而胜之的最有力武器。新冠肺炎全球确诊人数已逾千万，夺走50多万人的宝贵生命，疫情防控是国际合作的当务之急。我们要坚持人民至上、生命至上，加强国际抗疫合作，全力支持世卫组织发挥应有作用，反对将病毒政治化、污名化、标签化，反对任意“甩锅”、“推责”。我们要维护全球产业链供应链稳定畅通，抓住第四次工业革命契机，大力发展新业态、新产业，倡导良性竞争，抵制科技霸权和各种“脱钩”、抹黑打压，抵制滥用国家安全推行歧视、排他政策。关起门来搞本国优先，动辄推诿指责、嫁祸于人，既保护不了自己，更损害国际社会共同利益，甚至会给这个世界带来灾难。
Fourth, we need to call for solidarity and cooperation and reject self-conceit and beggar-thy-neighbor practices. Solidarity and cooperation is the most powerful weapon against common challenges. COVID-19 has infected tens of millions of people and claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide. Cooperation against COVID-19 has become an urgent task. In fighting the disease, we must always follow a people-first approach and put saving lives above all else. The world needs to come together and give the World Health Organization (WHO) full support in playing its statutory role. Any politicization, stigmatization or name-calling associated with the virus must be rejected, so should scapegoating and blame-shifting.
We need to keep global industrial and supply chains stable and uninterrupted and seize the important opportunities provided by the Fourth Industrial Revolution to boost the growth of new business forms and industries. The world calls for healthy competition, rather than technological hegemony. Decoupling in whatever form must be rejected, so must smears and suppression. National security should not be used as a cover for discriminatory or exclusive policies. If a country shuts its doors, puts its own interests before anyone else’s and habitually points fingers at others, these practices may not serve to protect itself, they may only pose risks to the common interests of the international community and even bring disasters on our world.
女士们、先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中国是多边主义的坚定支持者和践行者。作为第一个在《联合国宪章》上签字的创始会员国，中国始终坚定支持联合国发挥积极作用，维护联合国权威和地位，恪守《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则。
China is a firm proponent and practitioner of multilateralism. As a founding member of the UN and the first country to put its signature on the UN Charter, China has all along supported the UN in playing an active role, upheld its authority and stature and followed the purposes and principles enshrined in the UN Charter.
面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，中国本着公开、透明、负责任的态度，及时通报疫情信息，全力切断传播途径，分享防治经验做法，全力支持联合国开展工作，向世界卫生组织捐资5000万美元，向150多个国家和国际组织提供紧急医疗物资援助。我们将全面落实习近平主席在第73届世界卫生大会上宣布的抗疫合作举措，支持受疫情影响国家特别是发展中国家抗击疫情斗争和经济社会重建，做好在华设立全球人道主义应急仓库和枢纽工作，落实二十国集团“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”，为全球抗疫作出力所能及的贡献。
China’s response to COVID-19 has been open, transparent and responsible. We have provided timely information of the disease and made all-out efforts to cut off its transmission routes. We have shared our containment experience and fully supported the work of the UN. We have donated US$50 million to WHO and provided medical supplies in emergency assistance to over 150 countries and international organizations. China will fully deliver on the actions announced by President Xi Jinping at the 73rd World Health Assembly. China will help affected countries, especially developing countries, with their COVID-19 response and economic and social development. As part of China’s contributions to the global COVID-19 response, we will set up a global humanitarian response depot and hub in China and implement the G20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the poorest countries.
让我们携手并肩，顺应和平发展的历史潮流，遵循多边主义的行动指南，为“后疫情时代”构建一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的美好世界。
Let us come together for peace and development in keeping with the trend of our times and guided by multilateralism. Let us build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful post-COVID-19 world that enjoys lasting peace, security and prosperity for all.
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