2019上半年CATTI二、三级笔译真题及题源整理
三级笔译
Section 1
英译汉
Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it.
Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law.But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper.In the past 70 years, it has been a platform for major improvements in global health.Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years.Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted.Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink.We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically.New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable.And there are many other causes for celebration.But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen.Climate change will have profound effects on health.Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine.Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk.Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time.And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries.As you know, we are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda.As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August.So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, partly because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history.More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has.So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs.14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders.But this outbreak has been much more difficult ton control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC.Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.
The best long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems.Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals than primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention.That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being.The plan has three strategic approaches: align, accelerate and account.First, we have committed to align many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency.Second, we have committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs – like research and development, data and sustainable financing.And third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the people we serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give us.
题源：WHO-The right to health
原文链接：https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2018/right-to-health/en/
Section 2
汉译英
互联网在中国改革开放中的重要作用怎么说都不为过。从2000年开始，中国互联网应用的普及，到现在快20年的时间，它覆盖了我们改革开放40年几乎一半的时间。尤其是在最后的这15年，互联网为我们保持高速发展，我认为起到了决定性的作用。因为经济发展里头有两个东西是至关重要的：第一就是生产是不是更有效率，是不是更有质量，设计是不是更有创意；第二就是我们的渠道是否畅通，也就是工厂生产的东西能不能以最快的速度、最低的成本到消费者的手里。互联网在这两个环节都为中国的产业发展起到了推波助澜的作用。
比如我们在设计方面的设计理念和设计人才，跟国际先进的国家比是有巨大的差距的，但是互联网的发展实际上极大地缩小了这些差距。通过互联网，我们可以以更快的速度获取全球最先进的设计技术和理念；同时，我们通过互联网也能够更容易地获取更多的资料和数据，更重要的是通过互联网可以产生更多的协同效应。这就极大地加快了我们追赶别人的速度，也就变相地加快了我们发展的速度。
在渠道的领域，它的效果更加明显，比如说电商。老百姓通过互联网更容易表达他自己的意愿，更容易对我们现有的一些产品提出批评性的意见，这样也更好地推动企业的生产，推动政府职能的现代化。所以，互联网为改革开放的发展提供了一个现代化的动力。
题源：中国访谈
原文链接：http://fangtan.china.com.cn/2018-09/18/content_63574694.htm
二级笔译
Section 1
英译汉
E-C1
教师在教育中扮演什么角色
In 2009, Time magazine hailed School of One, an online math program piloted at three New York City public schools, as one of the year’s 50 best innovations. Each day, School of One software generated individualized math “playlists” for students who then chose the “modality” in which they wished to learn — software, a virtual teacher or a flesh-and-blood one. A different algorithm sorted teachers’ specialties and schedules to match a student’s needs. “It generates the lessons, the tests and it grades the tests,” one veteran instructor marveled. It saved salaries, too, thereby “teacher proofing” (as policy wonks say) education in a few clicks.
Although School of One made only modest improvements in students’ math scores and was adopted by only a handful of New York schools (not the 50 for which it was slated), it serves as a notable example of a pattern that Andrea Gabor, who holds the Bloomberg chair of business journalism at Baruch College/CUNY, charts in “After the Education Wars.” For more than three decades, an unlikely coalition of corporate philanthropists, educational technology entrepreneurs and public education bureaucrats has spearheaded a brand of school reform characterized by the overvaluing of technology and standardized testing and a devaluing of teachers and communities.
The trend can be traced back to a hyperbolic 1983 report, “A Nation at Risk,” issued by President Ronald Reagan’s National Commission on Excellence in Education. Against the backdrop of an ascendant Japanese economy and consistent with President Reagan’s disdain for public education (and teachers’ unions), “A Nation at Risk” blamed America’s ineffectual schools for a “rising tide of mediocrity” that was diminishing America’s global role in a new high-tech world.
Policymakers turned their focus to public education as a matter of national security, one too important (and potentially too profitable) to entrust to educators. The notion that top-down decisions by politicians, not teachers, should determine what children need was a thread running through the bipartisan 2001 No Child Left Behind Act, the Obama administration’s Race to the Top and state-initiated Common Core standards, and the current charter-driven agenda of Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos. “Accountability” became synonymous with standardized tests, resulting in a testing juggernaut with large profits going to commercial publishing giants like Pearson.
The education wars have been demoralizing for teachers, over 17 percent of whom drop out within their first five years. No one believes that teaching to the test is good pedagogy, but what are the options when students’ future educational choices, teachers’ salaries and retention and, in some states, the fate of entire schools rest on student test scores?
In meticulous if sometimes too laborious detail, Gabor documents reform’s institutional failings. She describes the sorry turns in New York City’s testing-obsessed policies, the undermining of Michigan’s once fine public schools (spurred in part by constant pressure from the DeVos family) and the heartbreaking failure of New Orleans to remake its schools after Hurricane Katrina. The largely white city establishment bypassed the majority-black community, inviting philanthropists and the federal government to rebuild its public schools as the nation’s first citywide, all-charter system. A dozen years later, more than a third of the city’s charter schools have failed.
题源：纽约时报
原文链接：https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/17/books/review/andrea-gabor-after-the-education-wars.html
E-C2
吴哥简介
Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-East Asia. For several centuries Angkor, was the centre of the Khmer Kingdom. With impressive monuments, several different ancient urban plans and large water reservoirs, the site is a unique concentration of features testifying to an exceptional civilization. The architecture and layout of the successive capitals bear witness to a high level of social order and ranking within the Khmer Empire. Angkor is therefore a major site exemplifying cultural, religious and symbolic values, as well as containing high architectural, archaeological and artistic significance.
The park is inhabited, and many villages, some of whom the ancestors are dating back to the Angkor period are scattered throughout the park. The Angkor complex encompasses all major architectural buildings and hydrological engineering systems from the Khmer period and most of these “barays” and canals still exist today. All the individual aspects illustrate the intactness of the site very much reflecting the splendor of the cities that once were. The site integrity however, is put under dual pressures: Endogenous: exerted by more than 100,000 inhabitants distributed over 112 historic settlements scattered over the site, who constantly try to expand their dwelling areas; exogenous: related to the proximity of the town of Siem Reap, the seat of the province and a tourism hub.
Angkor is one of the largest archaeological sites in operation in the world. Tourism represents an enormous economic potential but it can also generate irreparable destructions of the tangible as well as intangible cultural heritage. Many research projects have been undertaken, since the international safeguarding program was first launched in 1993.The scientific objectives of the research (e.g. anthropological studies on socio-economic conditions) result in a better knowledge and understanding of the history of the site, and its inhabitants that constitute a rich exceptional legacy of the intangible heritage. The purpose is to associate the “intangible culture” to the enhancement of the monuments in order to sensitize the local population to the importance and necessity of its protection and preservation and assist in the development of the site as Angkor is a living heritage site where Khmer people in general, but especially the local population, are known to be particularly conservative with respect to ancestral traditions and where they adhere to a great number of archaic cultural practices that have disappeared elsewhere. Moreover, the Angkor Archaeological Park is very rich in medicinal plants, used by the local population for treatment of diseases. The plants are prepared and then brought to different temple sites for blessing by the gods. The Preah Khan temple is considered to have been a university of medicine and the NeakPoan an ancient hospital.
Section 2
汉译英
C-E1
老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划
预计到2020年，全国60岁以上老年人口将增加到2.55亿人左右，占总人口比重提升到17.8%左右；高龄老年人将增加到2900万人左右，独居和空巢老年人将增加到1.18亿人左右。涉老法规政策系统性、协调性、针对性、可操作性有待增强；城乡、区域老龄事业发展和养老体系建设不均衡问题突出；养老服务有效供给不足，质量效益不高，人才队伍短缺；老龄工作体制机制不健全，社会参与不充分，基层基础比较薄弱。
规划提出目标，到2020年，老龄事业发展整体水平明显提升，养老体系更加健全完善，及时应对、科学应对、综合应对人口老龄化的社会基础更加牢固。
城镇职工和城乡居民基本养老保险参保率达到90%，基本医疗保险参保率稳定在95%以上，社会保险、社会福利、社会救助等社会保障制度和公益慈善事业有效衔接，老年人的基本生活、基本医疗、基本照护等需求得到切实保障。
老龄事业发展和养老体系建设的法治化、信息化、标准化、规范化程度明显提高。市场活力和社会创造力得到充分激发，养老服务和产品供给主体更加多元、内容更加丰富、质量更加优良，以信用为核心的新型市场监管机制建立完善。
全社会积极应对人口老龄化、自觉支持老龄事业发展和养老体系建设的意识意愿显著增强，敬老养老助老社会风尚更加浓厚，安全绿色便利舒适的老年宜居环境建设扎实推进，老年文化体育教育事业更加繁荣发展，老年人合法权益得到有效保护，老年人参与社会发展的条件持续改善。
题源：
《“十三五”国家老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划》
原文链接：http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-03/06/content_5173930.htm
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