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《红楼梦》翻译（二百零三）

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twin05 2010-09-07 09:00 | 只看楼主 树型| 收藏| 小中大 1 ^#

《红楼梦》翻译（二百零三）

原著
　　待书一样预备下四份纸笔，便都悄然各自思索起来．独黛玉或抚梧桐，或看秋色，或又和丫鬟们嘲笑．迎春又令丫鬟炷了一支"梦甜香"．原来这"梦甜香"只有三寸来长，有灯草粗细，以其易烬，故以此烬为限，如香烬未成便要罚．一时探春便先有了，自提笔写出，又改抹了一回，递与迎春．因问宝钗：“蘅芜君，你可有了？"宝钗道：“有却有了，只是不好。”宝玉背着手，在回廊上踱来踱去，因向黛玉说道：“你听，他们都有了。”黛玉道：“你别管我。”宝玉又见宝钗已誊写出来，因说道：“了不得！香只剩了一寸了，我才有了四句。”又向黛玉道：“香就完了，只管蹲在那潮地下作什么？"黛玉也不理．宝玉道：“可顾不得你了，好歹也写出来罢。”说着也走在案前写了．李纨道：“我们要看诗了，若看完了还不交卷是必罚的。”宝玉道：“稻香老农虽不善作却善看，又最公道，你就评阅优劣，我们都服的。”众人都道：“自然。”于是先看探春的稿上写道是：

　　咏白海棠限门盆魂痕昏

　　斜阳寒草带重门，苔翠盈铺雨后盆．

　　玉是精神难比洁，雪为肌骨易销魂．

　　芳心一点娇无力，倩影三更月有痕．

　　莫谓缟仙能羽化，多情伴我咏黄昏．次看宝钗的是：

　　珍重芳姿昼掩门，自携手瓮灌苔盆．

　　胭脂洗出秋阶影，冰雪招来露砌魂．

　　淡极始知花更艳，愁多焉得玉无痕．

　　欲偿白帝凭清洁，不语婷婷日又昏．李纨笑道：“到底是蘅芜君。”说着又看宝玉的，道是：

　　秋容浅淡映重门，七节攒成雪满盆．

　　出浴太真冰作影，捧心西子玉为魂．

　　晓风不散愁千点，宿雨还添泪一痕．

　　独倚画栏如有意，清砧怨笛送黄昏．大家看了，宝玉说探春的好，李纨才要推宝钗这诗有身分，因又催黛玉．黛玉道：“你们都有了？"说着提笔一挥而就，掷与众人．李纨等看他写道是：

　　半卷湘帘半掩门，碾冰为土玉为盆．看了这句，宝玉先喝起彩来，只说"从何处想来！"又看下面道：

　　偷来梨蕊三分白，借得梅花一缕魂．众人看了也都不禁叫好，说"果然比别人又是一样心肠。”又看下面道是：

　　月窟仙人缝缟袂，秋闺怨女拭啼痕．

　　娇羞默默同谁诉，倦倚西风夜已昏．众人看了，都道是这首为上．李纨道：“若论风流别致，自是这首，若论含蓄浑厚，终让蘅稿。”探春道：“这评的有理，潇湘妃子当居第二。”李纨道：“怡红公子是压尾，你服不服？"宝玉道：“我的那首原不好了，这评的最公。”又笑道：“只是蘅潇二首还要斟酌。”李纨道：“原是依我评论，不与你们相干，再有多说者必罚． "宝玉听说，只得罢了．李纨道：“从此后我定于每月初二十六这两日开社，出题限韵都要依我．这其间你们有高兴的，你们只管另择日子补开，那怕一个月每天都开社，我只不管．只是到了初二，十六这两日，是必往我那里去。”宝玉道：“到底要起个社名才是。”探春道：“俗了又不好，特新了，刁钻古怪也不好．可巧才是海棠诗开端，就叫个海棠社罢．虽然俗些，因真有此事，也就不碍了。”说毕大家又商议了一回，略用些酒果，方各自散去．也有回家的，也有往贾母王夫人处去的．当下别人无话．
霍克斯译文
Tan-chun soon had a poem ready. Taking up a brush, she wrote it out and, after going over it and making a few cor rections, handed it in to Ying-chun. Then she turned to Bao-chai.
‘How are you doing, Lady All-spice? Have you thought of a poem yet?’
‘Well—yes, I’ve thought of something,’ said Bao-chai, ‘but I’m not very happy about it.’
Bao-yu, meanwhile, was pacing up and down, hands clasped behind his back, in the loggia outside. Hearing this exchange, he paused to address Dai-yu.
‘Do you hear that?’ he said. ‘The other two have nearly finished.’
‘Kindly mind your own business, would you?’ said Dai-yu. Bao-yu glanced inside and saw that Bao-chai was busy writ ing her poem down.
‘Lord!’ he said. ‘There’s only an inch left.’ He turned to Dai-yu again: ‘The incense has nearly burned out. What are you still squatting over there on the damp grass for?’
Dai-yu ignored him.
‘Oh well,’ said Bao-yu. ‘I haven’t got time to worry about you. I’ll have to start writing my own now, whether it’s any good or not.’
He went in then, and sat down at the table to write.
‘I’m going to start reading the poems now,’ said Li Wan. ‘Anyone who hasn’t handed in by the time I’ve finished read ing will have to pay a fine.’
‘Farmer Sweet-rice may not be much good at writing poetry,’ said Bao-yu, ‘but she is jolly good at reading it. She’s a very fair critic. I’m sure we shall all be willing to accept her judgement.’ The others nodded in agreement. Li Wan picked up Tan- chun’s draft and the others crowded round to read it with her:

A wintry sunset gilds the vine-wreathed door

Where stands, mossed by old rains, the flower-pot.

Its ***y blooms, as *** impermanent,

Are pure as pure white jade that alters not.

O fragrant frailty, that so fears the wind!

Most radiant whiteness! Pull moon without spot!

White flower-sprite, shake your silken wings! Away!

And join with me to hymn the dying day!

All complimented Tan-chun on her poem when they had finished reading it. Then they looked at Bao-chai’s:

Guard the sweet scent behind closed courtyard door,

And with prompt waterings dew the mossy pot!

The carmine hue their summer sisters wore

These ***y autumn blossoms envy not—

Pot beauty in plain whiteness best appears,

And only in white jade is found no spot.

Chaste, lovely flowers! Silent, they seem to pray

To autumn’s White God at the close of day.

Li Wan smiled.
‘That has the All-spice touch all right!’ Next they looked at Bao-yu’s poem.

White Autumn’s sister stands beside the door;

Like summer *** her blossoms till the pot—

A Yang-fei rising naked from the bath,

With a cool, chaste allure that she had not.

The dawn wind could not dry those pearly tears

With which night’s rain each floweret’s eye did spot.

Pensive and grave, her blossoms gently sway,

While a sad flute laments the dying day!

When they had finished reading, Bao-yu said he liked Tan- chun’s poem best of the three, but Li Wan insisted that Bao -chai’s was superior. It had ‘more character’ she said. She was about to press Dai-yu for her contribution when Dai-yu sauntered in of her own volition.
‘Oh! have you all finished?’
She picked up a brush and proceeded, writing rapidly and without a pause, to set down the poem that was already com pleted in her mind. She wrote on the first sheet of ** that came to hand and, having finished, threw it nonchalantly across the table for the others to inspect.

Beside the half-raised blind, the half-closed door,

Crushed ice for earth and white jade for the pot,

They had got no further than the first couplet, when Bao-yu broke out into praises.
‘Clever! How do you get these ideas?’

Three parts of whiteness from the pear-tree stolen,

One part from plum for scent (which pear has not)—

All of them were impressed by this second couplet.
‘This is good. Original. It’s quite different from the other three.’

Moon-maidens stitched them with white silken thread,

And virgins’ tears the new-made flowers did spot,

Which now, like bashful maids that no word say,

Lean languid on the breeze at close of day.

‘Yes, this is the best,’ they said. ‘This is the best of the four.’
‘For elegance and originally, yes,’ said Li Wan; ‘but for character and depth I prefer Lady All-spice’s.’
‘I think that’s a fair judgement,’ said Tan-chun. ‘I think River Queen’s has to take second place.’
‘At all events,’ said Li Wan, ‘Green Boy’s is bottom. Do you accept that judgement, Green Boy?’
‘Oh yes,’ said Bao-yu. ‘It’s a perfectly fair one. Mine is just not a good poem. But’ — he smiled hopefully —‘I think we ought to reconsider the placing of All-spice’s and River Queen’s contributions.’
‘You agreed to abide by my decisions,’ said Li Wan. ‘I don’t think the rest of you have any say in the matter. If anyone questions a decision of mine in future, he will have to pay a penalty.’
Bao-yu was obliged to let the matter drop.
‘I propose that our two meetings should be on the second and sixteenth of each month,’ said Li Wan. ‘On those occasions I shall be responsible for choosing the subjects and the rhymes. If any of you ever feels like having an extra meeting in be tween those dates, there’s nothing to stop you. In fact, there’s nothing to stop you having a meeting every day, if you feel like it. But that’s entirely up to you. On the second and six teenth you must all come round to my place, and the meetings on those two days are my responsibility.’
‘We really ought to have a name for the club,’ said Bao-yu. ‘We don’t want anything banal,’ said Tan-chun; ‘on the other hand we don’t want anything too weird and wonderful. As we started off with a poem about white crab-blossom, why don’t we simply call ourselves “The Crab-flower Club”? That might have seemed a somewhat banal title other things being equal, but in our case it wouldn’t be because it would com memorate our founding meeting.’
Tan-chun’s proposal was followed by general discussion. After partaking of the liquid and other refreshment which she provided, the party then broke up, some returning to their own apartments in the Garden, some going on to Grand mother Jia’s or Lady Wang’s apartments outside. Our record leaves them at this point and does not specify.
杨宪益译文
Daishu prepared four lots of ** and writing-brushes, and all quietened down to think. All but Daiyu, who went on fondling the wu-tong trees, looking at the autumn scene or joking with the maids. Yingchun had a stick of Sweet-Dream Incense lit. Being only three inches long and no thicker than a lampwick, this burnt quickly. The poems had to be finished before it burnt out, on pain of a penalty.
Tanchun was the first to finish. She wrote out her poem, made one or two corrections, and handed the ** to Yingchun.
"Are you ready, Lady of the Alpinia?" she asked Baochai.
"Yes, mine's done, but it's no good," replied Baochai.
Baoyu, his hands behind his back, was pacing up and down the corri dor. "Hear that?" he said to Daiyu. "They've finished theirs."
"Don't worry about me," she answered. Then he saw that Baochai had copied out her poem. "Good gracious!" he exclaimed. "There's only one inch of the incense left, but all I've done is four lines." He turned to Daiyu. "The incense is nearly burnt out. Do stop squatting on the damp ground."
Daiyu paid no attention.
"I can't help you now," he said. "I must write mine out, however bad it is." With that he walked to the desk. "We're going to look at the poems now," announced Li Wan. "Anyone who doesn't hand his in by the time we finish reading the others will have to pay a forfeit."
"The Old Peasant of Sweet Paddy may not write well herself," re marked Baoyu, "but she's a good judge and absolutely impartial. We'll all stand by your verdict."
The rest agreed. First they looked at Tanchun's **.

Chill the sunset grass in front of the closed door,
Thick the green moss the rain-drenched pot below;
Her spirit's purity surpasses jade,
Her gentle form is ravishing as ***.
A faint ethereal loveliness is hers,
Her shadow at midnight chequers the moon's light.
Do not fly from me, chaste goodess;
Abide with me as fall the shades of night.

After admiring this they read Baochai's poem:

For the sake of the flowers the door is closed by day
As I go to water the pots with moss overgrown;
Immaculate its shadow on autumn steps,
Pure as *** and ice its spirit by dewy stone.
Only true whiteness dazzles with its brightness;
Can so much sadness leave a flawless jade?
Its purity rewards the god of autumn,
Speechless and chaste it stays as sunbeams fade.

Li Wan remarked with a smile, "Trust the Lady of the Alpinia!"
Then they turned to Baoyu's poem:

Autumn blooms cast chequered shadows by the door,
Seven nodes of ***y flowers in pots arrayed,
Like Lady Yang's shade, fresh from the bath, ice-pure,
Or Xi Shi's mournful spirit fair as jade.
No morning breeze can scatter this infinite sadness,
And the rain adds fresh tear-stains at night;
Leaning by painted balustrade it seems sensate
As pounding of clothes and fluting put dusk to flight.

When all had read this, Baoyu expressed his own preference for Tanchun's verse, but Li Wan insisted that Baochai's was more distin guished. She then asked Daiyu for her poem.
"Have you all finished?" cried Daiyu.
At once she took up her brush and dashed off eight lines which she tossed over to them. Li Wan and the others read:

Half-rolled the bamboo blind, half-closed the door;
Crushed ice serves as mould for jade pots.

"How do you do it?" exclaimed Baoyu in admiration before reading on.

Some whiteness from the pear-blossom is stolen,
Some of its spirit winter-plum allots.

"Splendid!" cried the others. "She's really original."
They read on:

The goddess of the moon sews a white gown,
The maid's weeping in autumn chamber never ends;
Silently, shyly, with never a word of complaint,
She reclines in the autumn breeze as night descends.

"This is the best!" cried the young people. "It's certainly the most charming and unusual," said Li Wan. "But our Lady Alpinia's has deeper significance and real substance."
"Quite right," put in Tanchun. "The Queen of Bamboos should come second."
"And the Happy Red Prince last," said Li Wan. "Agreed?"
"Mine was no good, that's quite fair," said Baoyu with a smile. "But you should reconsider which is the better, Lady Alpinia's or Queen Bamboo's."
"I'm the arbiter," insisted Li Wan. "You've no say in the matter. Any more argument will be penalized."
So Baoyu said no more.
"I've decided that from now on we should meet on the second and sixteenth of each month," continued Li Wan. "And you'll have to accept the subjects and rhymes I choose. You can have extra meetings on other days if you like -- I don't care if you meet every day. But mind you come to my place on the second and sixteenth."
"We must choose a name for this club," declared Baoyu.
"Nothing too common," said Tanchun. "Nothing too new-fangled either. As we happened to start with poems on begonia, why not call it Begonia Club? Even if this sounds a little commonplace, as it's based on fact that doesn't matter."
After some further discussion and some refreshments they parted, some going back to their own rooms, others calling on the Lady Dowager and Lady Wang. But no more of this.

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